From 9acb98f41b726e39bb49a36dc0a286640da00bc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kenneth Odle Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2023 17:00:45 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Adjusted spacing through chapters 4 and 5 --- ssfm.tex | 746 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 628 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-) diff --git a/ssfm.tex b/ssfm.tex index 5c2e822..cf91575 100644 --- a/ssfm.tex +++ b/ssfm.tex @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -\documentclass[9pt, twoside]{extbook} +\documentclass[9pt, twoside, openany]{book} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} -\usepackage{amsmath} -\usepackage{amssymb} -\usepackage{makeidx} +%\usepackage{amsmath} +%\usepackage{amssymb} +%\usepackage{makeidx} %\makeindex \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[fulloldstylenums]{kpfonts} -\usepackage{float} -\usepackage{layout} +%\usepackage{float} +%\usepackage{layout} % Where are our images? \graphicspath{{images/}} @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ]{geometry} \raggedbottom -% Change margin note size +% Change margin note size and formatting \usepackage{tcolorbox} \newcommand\mpar[1]{ \marginpar{ @@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhf{} \fancyhead[CE,CO]{\textit{Simple Sabotage Field Manual}} -% \fancyhead[RE,LO]{Issue \#003} \cfoot{\thepage} \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.5pt} @@ -123,12 +122,15 @@ Director \end{center} \end{adjustwidth} - +\begingroup +\let\cleardoublepage\clearpage \tableofcontents +\endgroup + \chapter*{A Note from the Typesetter} -I originally found this by on Project Gutenberg and was immediately struck by its uniqueness. The United States military has a history of publishing documents that are both interesting and useful—the Army Survival Manual (FM 2-05.70) being perhaps the most well known.\footnote{It is easily available on the internet.} +I originally found this by on Project Gutenberg and was immediately struck by its uniqueness. The United States military has a history of publishing documents that are both interesting and useful—the Army Survival Manual (FM 2-05.70) being perhaps the most well known.\footnote{This document is easily available on the internet.} I was at once struck by how useful some of this information is, and how quaint and outdated other parts of it are. If we are to face another war against fascists (and the probability of that seems to be increasing every week), this document is in need of a comprehensive upgrade. @@ -153,8 +155,6 @@ Typesetter \end{adjustwidth} - - \chapter{Introduction} \lettrine[loversize=0.3, nindent=-1pt]{T}{he} purpose of this paper is to characterize simple sabotage, @@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ creating an unpleasant situation among one’s fellow workers, engaging in bickerings, or displaying surliness and stupidity. This type of activity, sometimes referred to as the ``human -element'' is frequently responsible for accidents, delays, and +element,'' is frequently responsible for accidents, delays, and general obstruction even under normal conditions. The potential saboteur should discover what types of faulty decisions and the operations are \textit{normally} found in this kind of -work and should then devise his sabotage so as to enlarge that``margin for error'' +work and should then devise his sabotage so as to enlarge that``margin for error.'' \chapter{Possible Effects} @@ -240,6 +240,8 @@ methods of simple sabotage. \section{Personal Motives} +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + \hspace{\parindent}(a) The ordinary citizen very probably has no immediate personal motive for committing simple sabotage. Instead, he must be made to anticipate indirect personal gain, such as @@ -275,6 +277,8 @@ compatible with security. situation in which the citizen-saboteur acquires a sense of responsibility and begins to educate others in simple sabotage. +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{Encouraging Destructiveness} It should be pointed out to the saboteur where the @@ -284,6 +288,8 @@ acts of destruction. A reasonable amount of humor in the presentation of suggestions for simple sabotage will relax tensions of fear. +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + (a) The saboteur may have to reverse his thinking, and he should be told this in so many words. Where he formerly thought of keeping his tools sharp, he should now let them @@ -321,8 +327,12 @@ agents may be trained in the art of simple sabotage, in anticipation of a time when they may be able to communicate this information directly. +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{Safety Measures} +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + \hspace{\parindent}(a) The amount of activity carried on by the saboteur will be governed not only by the number of opportunities he sees, but also by the amount of danger he feels. Bad news travels fast, @@ -368,6 +378,7 @@ arouse suspicion. Of course, there are circumstances when it would be suspicious for you to leave. If you commit sabotage on your job, you should naturally stay at your work. +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} \chapter{Tools, Targets, and Timing} @@ -435,6 +446,8 @@ production plant is an act of still more value. \section{During a Military Offensive} +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + \hspace{\parindent}(a) Most significant sabotage for an area which is, or is soon destined to be, a theater of combat operations is that whose effects will be direct and immediate. Even if the effects are @@ -460,6 +473,7 @@ the efficient functioning of transportation and communication, also should become targets for the citizen-saboteur. These may include oil, gasoline, tires, food, and water. +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} \chapter{Specific Suggestions for Simple Sabotage} @@ -484,14 +498,18 @@ opportunities to such untrained people as janitors, charwomen, and casual visitors; and, when damaged, they present a relatively large handicap to the enemy. -(a) Fires can be started wherever there is an accumulation of +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(a) \textit{Fire} + +Fire can be started wherever there is an accumulation of inflammable material. Warehouses are obviously the most promising targets but incendiary sabotage need not be confined to them alone. \begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) Whenever possible, arrange to have the fire start after you +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Whenever possible, arrange to have the fire start after you have gone away. Use a candle and paper, combination, setting it as close as possible to the inflammable material you want to burn: From a sheet of paper, tear a strip three or four @@ -548,9 +566,12 @@ candle burning in the room, closing the door tightly behind you. After a time, the gas will explode, and a fire may or may not follow. +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} -(b)Water and Miscellaneous +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Water and Miscellaneous} \begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} @@ -579,15 +600,18 @@ distribution of electricity to a large area. will fit, into the locks of all unguarded entrances to public buildings. +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} \section{Industrial Production: Manufacturing} -\hspace{\parindent}Tools +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(a) \textit{Tools} \begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) Let cutting tools grow dull. They will be inefficient, will +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Let cutting tools grow dull. They will be inefficient, will slow down production, and may damage the materials and parts you use them on. @@ -612,9 +636,14 @@ on, are never efficient when dirty. Lubrication points and electric contacts can easily be fouled by normal accumulations of dirt or the insertion of foreign matter. +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} -\hspace{\parindent}(b) Oil and lubrication systems are not only vulnerable to +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Lubrication} + +Oil and lubrication systems are not only vulnerable to easy sabotage, but are critical in every machine with moving parts. Sabotage of oil and lubrication will slow production or stop work entirely at strategic points in industrial processes. @@ -657,13 +686,252 @@ oil outright rather than interfere with its effectiveness, by removing stop-plugs from lubricating systems or by puncturing the drums and cans in which it is stored. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(c) \textit{Cooling systems} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) A water cooling system can be put +out of commission in a fairly short time, with considerable +damage to an engine or motor, if you put into it several pinches +of hard grain, such as rice or wheat. They will swell up and +choke the circulation of water, and the cooling system will have +to be torn down to remove the obstruction. Sawdust or hair +may also be used to clog a water cooling system. + +(2) If very cold water is quickly introduced into the cooling +system of an overheated motor, contraction and considerable +strain on the engine housing will result. If you can repeat the +treatment a few times, cracking and serious damage will result. + +(3) You can ruin the effectiveness of an air cooling system by +plugging dirt and waste into intake or exhaust valves. If a belt- +run fan is used in the system, make a jagged cut at least half +way through the belt; it will slip and finally part under strain +and the motor will overheat. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(d) \textit{Fuel Tanks} + +Gasoline and oil fuel tanks and fueling engines usually +are accessible and easy to open. They afford a very vulnerable +target for simple sabotage activities. + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Put several pinches of +sawdust or hard grain, such as rice or wheat, into the fuel tank +of a gasoline engine. The particles will choke a feed line so that +the engine will stop. Some time will be required to discover the +source of the trouble. Although they will be hard to get, crumbs +of natural rubber, such as you might find in old rubber bands +and pencil erasers, are also effective. + +(2) If you can accumulate sugar, put it in the fuel tank of a +gasoline engine. As it burns together with the gasoline, it will +turn into a sticky mess which will completely mire the engine +and necessitate extensive cleaning and repair. Honey and +molasses are as good as sugar. Try to use about 75–100 grams +for each 10 gallons of gasoline. + +(3) Other impurities which you can introduce into gasoline +will cause rapid engine wear and eventual breakdown. Fine +particles of pumice, sand, ground glass, and metal dust can +easily be introduced into a gasoline tank. Be sure that the +particles are very fine, so that they will be able to pass through +the carburetor jet. + +(4) Water, urine, wine, or any other simple liquid you can get +in reasonably large quantities will dilute gasoline fuel to a point +where no combustion will occur in the cylinder and the engine +will not move. One pint to 20 gallons of gasoline is sufficient. If +salt water is used, it will cause corrosion and permanent motor +damage. + +(5) In the case of Diesel engines, put low flashpoint oil into +the fuel tank; the engine will not move. If there already is +proper oil in the tank when the wrong kind is added, the engine +will only limp and sputter along. + +(6) Fuel lines to gasoline and oil engines frequently pass over +the exhaust pipe. When the machine is at rest, you can stab a +small hole in the fuel line and plug the hole with wax. As the +engine runs and the exhaust tube becomes hot, the wax will be +melted; fuel will drip onto the exhaust and a blaze will start. + +(7) If you have access to a room where gasoline is stored, +remember that gas vapor accumulating in a closed room will +explode after a time if you leave a candle burning in the room. +A good deal of evaporation, however, must occur from the +gasoline tins into the air of the room. If removal of the tops of +the tins does not expose enough gasoline to the air to ensure +copious evaporation, you can open lightly constructed tins +further with a knife, ice pick or sharpened nail file. Or puncture +a tiny hole in the tank which will permit gasoline to leak out on +the floor. This will greatly increase the rate of evaporation. +Before you light your candle, be sure that windows are closed +and the room is as air-tight as you can make it. If you can see +that windows in a neighboring room are opened wide, you have +a chance of setting a large fire which will not only destroy the +gasoline but anything else nearby; when the gasoline explodes, +the doors of the storage room will be blown open, a draft to the +neighboring windows will be created which will whip up a fine +conflagration. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(e) \textit{Electric Motors} + +Electric motors (including dynamos) are +more restricted than the targets so far discussed. They cannot +be sabotaged easily or without risk of injury by unskilled +persons who may otherwise have good opportunities for +destruction. + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Set the rheostat to a high point of resistance in all types of +electric motors. They will overheat and catch fire. + +(2) Adjust the overload relay to a very high value beyond the +capacity of the motor. Then overload the motor to a point +where it will overheat and break down. + +(3) Remember that dust, dirt, and moisture are enemies of +electrical equipment. Spill dust and dirt onto the points where +the wires in electric motors connect with terminals, and onto +insulating parts. Inefficient transmission of current and, in +some cases, short circuits will result. Wet generator motors to +produce short circuits. + +(4) ``Accidentally'' bruise the insulation on wire, loosen nuts +on connections, make faulty splices and faulty connections in +wiring, to waste electric current and reduce the power of +electric motors, the power output or cause short circuiting in +direct-current motors: Loosen or remove commutator holding +rings. Sprinkle carbon, graphite, or metal dust on +commutators. Put a little grease or oil at the contact points of +commutators. Where commutator bars are close together +bridge the gaps between them with metal dust, or sawtooth +their edges with a chisel so that the teeth on adjoining bars +meet or nearly meet and current can pass from one to the +other. + +(6) Put a piece of finely grained emery paper half the size of a +postage stamp in a place where it will wear away rotating +brushes. The emery paper and the motor will be destroyed in +the resulting fire. + +(7) Sprinkle carbon, graphite or metal dust on slip-rings so +that the current will leak or short circuits will occur. When a +motor is idle, nick the slip-rings with a chisel. + +(8) Cause motor stoppage or inefficiency by applying dust +mixed with grease to the face of the armature so that it will not +make proper contact. + +(9) To overheat electric motors, mix sand with heavy grease +and smear it between the stator and rotor, or wedge thin metal +pieces between them. To prevent the efficient generation of +current, put floor sweepings, oil, tar, or paint between them. + +(10) In motors using three-phase current, deeply nick one of +the lead-in wires with a knife or file when the machine is at +rest, or replace one of the three fuses with a blown-out fuse. In +the first case, the motor will stop after running awhile, and in +the second, it will not start. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(f) \textit{Transformers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Transformers of the oil-filled type can be put out of +commission if you pour water, salt water, machine-tool coolant, +or kerosene into the oil tank. + +(2) In air-cooled transformers, block the ventilation by piling +debris around the transformer. + +(3) In all types of transformers, throw carbon, graphite or +metal dust over the outside bushings and other exposed +electrical parts. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(g) \textbf{Turbines} + +Turbines for the most part are heavily built, stoutly +housed, and difficult of access. Their vulnerability to simple +sabotage is very low. + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(1) After inspecting or repairing a hydro turbine, fasten the +cover insecurely so that it will blow off and flood the plant with +water. A loose cover on a steam turbine will cause it to leak and +slow down. + +(2) In water turbines, insert a large piece of scrap iron in the +head of the penstock, just beyond the screening, so that water +will carry the damaging material down to the plant equipment. + +(3) When the steam line to a turbine is opened for repair, put +pieces of scrap iron into it, to be blasted into the turbine +machinery when steam is up again. + +(4) Create a leak in the line feeding oil to the turbine, so that +oil will fall on the hot steam pipe and cause a fire. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(h) \textit{Boilers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Reduce the efficiency of steam boilers any way you can. +Put too much water in them to make them slow-starting, or +keep the fire under them low to keep them inefficient. Let them +dry and turn the fire up; they will crack and be ruined. An +especially good trick is to keep putting limestone or water +containing lime in the boiler; it will deposit lime on the bottom +and sides. This deposit will provide very good insulation +against heat; after enough of it has collected, the boiler will be +completely worthless. + +\end{adjustwidth} \end{adjustwidth} \section{Production: Metals} -(a) Iron and Steel +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be +(a) \textit{Iron and Steel} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be frequently shut down for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for the inner lining of blast furnaces, put in an extra proportion of tar so that they will wear out quickly and necessitate constant @@ -679,15 +947,26 @@ incorrect position of the core. (4) In tempering steel or iron, apply too much heat, so that the resulting bars and ingots are of poor quality. -(b) Other Metals +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Other Metals} No suggestions available. +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{Production: Mining and Mineral Extraction} -(a) Coal +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) A slight blow against your Davy oil lamp will extinguish it, +(a) \textit{Coal} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) A slight blow against your Davy oil lamp will extinguish it, and to light it again you will have to find a place where there is no fire damp. Take a long time looking for the place. @@ -713,26 +992,50 @@ to pass each other, so that traffic will be snarled up. (6) Send up quantities of rock and other useless material with the coal. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{Production: Agriculture} -(a) Machinery +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(a) \textit{Machinery} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} (1) See par. 5 b. (2) (c), (d), (e). -(b) Crops and livestock probably will be destroyed only in +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Crops and Livestock } + +Crops and livestock probably will be destroyed only in areas where there are large food surpluses or where the enemy (regime) is known to be requisitioning food. -(1.) Feed crops to livestock. Let crops harvest too early or too +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Feed crops to livestock. Let crops harvest too early or too late. Spoil stores of grain, fruit and vegetables by soaking them in water so that they will rot. Spoil fruit and vegetables by leaving them in the sun. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + + \section{Transportation: Railways} -(a) Passengers +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1.) Make train travel as inconvenient as possible for enemy +(a) \textit{Passengers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Make train travel as inconvenient as possible for enemy personnel. Make mistakes in issuing train tickets, leaving portions of the journey uncovered by the ticket book; issue two tickets for the same seat in the train, so that an interesting @@ -751,16 +1054,22 @@ handle baggage as noisily as possible during the night, and so on. (3) See that the luggage of enemy personnel is mislaid or -unloaded at the wrong stations. - +unloaded at the wrong stations. Switch address labels on enemy baggage. (4) Engineers should see that trains run slow or make unscheduled stops for plausible reasons. -(b) Switches, Signals and Routing +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Exchange wires in switchboards containing signals and +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Switches, Signals and Routing} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Exchange wires in switchboards containing signals and switches, so that they connect to the wrong terminals. (2) Loosen push-rods so that signal arms do not work; break @@ -779,9 +1088,16 @@ nearby. When it rains, the switch will be short-circuited. labels from cars needing repair and put them on cars in good order. Leave couplings between cars as loose as possible. -(c) Road-beds and Open Track +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) On a curve, take the bolts out of the tie-plates connecting +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(c) \textit{Road-beds and Open Track} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) On a curve, take the bolts out of the tie-plates connecting to sections of the outside rail, and scoop away the gravel, cinders, or dirt for a few feet on each side of the connecting joint. @@ -791,36 +1107,78 @@ sleeper nails on each side of the joint, it becomes possible to move a sections of rail, spread two sections of rail and drive a spike vertically between them. -(d) Oil and Lubrication +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) See 5 b. (2) (b). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(d) \textit{Oil and Lubrication} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b. (2) (b). (2) Squeeze lubricating pipes with pincers or dent them with hammers, so that the flow of oil is obstructed. -(e) Cooling Systems +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) See 5 b (2) (c). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(f) Gasoline and Oil Fuel +(e) \textit{Cooling Systems} -(1) See 5 b (2) (d). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(g) Electric Motors +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b (2) (c). -(1) See 5 b (2) (e) and (f). +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(h) Boilers +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) See 5 b (2) (h). +(f) \textit{Gasoline and Oil Fuel} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b (2) (d). + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(g) \textit{Electric Motors} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b (2) (e) and (f). + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(h) \textit{Boilers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b (2) (h). (2) After inspection put heavy oil or tar in the engines’ boilers, or put half a kilogram of soft soap into the water in the tender. -(i) Brakes and Miscellaneous +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Engines should run at high speeds and use brakes +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(i) \textit{Brakes and Miscellaneous} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Engines should run at high speeds and use brakes excessively at curves and on downhill grades. (2) Punch holes in air-brake valves or water supply pipes. @@ -829,16 +1187,23 @@ excessively at curves and on downhill grades. freight, remove the wadding from a journal box and replace it with oily rags. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{Transportation: Automotive} -(a) Roads. Damage to roads [(3) below] is slow, and therefore +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(a) Roads. + +Damage to roads [(3) below] is slow, and therefore impractical as a D-day or near D-day activity. -(1) Change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy -will go the wrong way and it may be miles before he discovers -his mistakes. +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -In areas where traffic is composed primarily of enemy autos, +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy +will go the wrong way and it may be miles before he discovers +his mistakes. In areas where traffic is composed primarily of enemy autos, trucks, and motor convoys of various kinds remove danger signals from curves and intersections. @@ -862,30 +1227,65 @@ runs over and eats away the road. (4) Distribute broken glass, nails, and sharp rocks on roads to puncture tires. -(b) Passengers +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Bus-driver can go past the stop where the enemy wants to +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Passengers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Bus-driver can go past the stop where the enemy wants to get off. Taxi drivers can waste the enemy’s time and make extra money by driving the longest possible route to his destination. -(c) Oil and Lubrication +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) See 5 b. (2) (b). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(c) \textit{Oil and Lubrication} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b. (2) (b). (2) Disconnect the oil pump; this will burn out the main bearings in less than 50 miles of normal driving. -(d) Radiator +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) See 5 b. (2) (c). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(e) Fuel +(d) \textit{Radiator} -(1) See 5 b. (2) (d). +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(f) Battery and Ignition +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b. (2) (c). -(1) Jam bits of wood into the ignition lock; loosen or +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(e) \textit{Fuel} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b. (2) (d). + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(f) \textit{Battery and Ignition} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Jam bits of wood into the ignition lock; loosen or exchange connections behind the switchboard; put dirt in spark plugs; damage distributor points. @@ -898,14 +1298,20 @@ slantwise into the exposed water vent, shattering the plates of the cell; no damage will show when you put the cap back on. Iron or copper filings put into the cells i.e., dropped into the acid, will greatly shorten its life. Copper coins or a few pieces of -iron will accomplish the same and more slowly. -One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of vinegar in each cell +iron will accomplish the same and more slowly. One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of vinegar in each cell greatly reduces the life of the battery, but the odor of the vinegar may reveal what has happened. -(g) Gears +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Remove the lubricant from or put too light a lubricant in +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(g) \textit{Gears} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Remove the lubricant from or put too light a lubricant in the transmission and other gears. (2) In trucks, tractors, and other machines with heavy gears, @@ -913,9 +1319,16 @@ fix the gear case insecurely, putting bolts in only half the bolt holes. The gears will be badly jolted in use and will soon need repairs. -(h) Tires +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded vehicles. Put a nail +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(h) \textit{Tires} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded vehicles. Put a nail inside a match box or other small box, and set it vertically in front of the back tire of a stationary car; when the car starts off, the nail will go neatly through the tire. @@ -949,11 +1362,19 @@ spilling oil, gasoline, caustic acid, or benzine on them. Synthetic rubber, however, is less susceptible to these chemicals. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + + \section{Transportation: Water} -(a) Navigation +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) Barge and river boat personnel should spread false +(a) \textit{Navigation} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Barge and river boat personnel should spread false rumors about the navigability and conditions of the waterways they travel. Tell other barge and boat captains to follow channels that will take extra time, or cause them to make canal @@ -975,34 +1396,37 @@ order to hold up road traffic. on cargo ships. Demagnetize the compass or maladjust it by concealing a large bar of steel or iron near to it. -(b) Cargo +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) While loading or unloading, handle cargo carelessly in -order to cause damage. Arrange the cargo so that the weakest -and lightest crates and boxes will be at the bottom of the hold, -while the heaviest ones are on top of them. +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on sloppily, so that rain and -deck wash will injure the cargo. +(b) \textit{Cargo} -Tie float valves open so that storage tanks will overflow on -perishable goods. +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) While loading or unloading, handle cargo carelessly in order to cause damage. Arrange the cargo so that the weakest and lightest crates and boxes will be at the bottom of the hold, while the heaviest ones are on top of them. Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on sloppily, so that rain and deck wash will injure the cargo. Tie float valves open so that storage tanks will overflow on perishable goods. + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} \section{Communications} -(a) Telephone +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) At office, hotel and exchange switch boards delay putting +(a) \textit{Telephone} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) At office, hotel and exchange switch boards delay putting enemy calls through, give them wrong numbers, cut them off -“accidentally,” or forget to disconnect them so that the line +``accidentally,'' or forget to disconnect them so that the line cannot be used again. (2) Hamper official and especially military business by making at least one telephone call a day to an enemy headquarters; when you get them, tell them you have the wrong -number. - -Call military or police offices and make anonymous false +number. Call military or police offices and make anonymous false reports of fires, air raids, bombs. (3) In offices and buildings used by the enemy, unscrew the @@ -1019,32 +1443,60 @@ switchboard will stop working. A whole telephone system can be disrupted if you can put 10 percent of the cells in half the batteries of the central battery room out of order. -(b) Telegraph +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Delay the transmission and delivery of telegrams to +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Telegraph} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Delay the transmission and delivery of telegrams to enemy destinations. (2) Garble telegrams to enemy destinations so that another telegram will have to be sent or a long distance call will have to be made. Sometimes it will be possible to do this by changing a -single letter in a word—for example, changing “minimum” to -“maximum,” so that the person receiving the telegram will not -know whether “minimum” or “maximum” is meant. +single letter in a word—for example, changing ``minimum'' to +``maximum,'' so that the person receiving the telegram will not +know whether ``minimum'' or ``maximum'' is meant. -(c) Transportation Lines +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Cut telephone and telegraph transmission lines. Damage +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(c) \textit{Transportation Lines} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Cut telephone and telegraph transmission lines. Damage insulation on power lines to cause interference. -(d) Mail +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Post office employees can see to it that enemy mail is +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(d) \textit{Mail} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Post office employees can see to it that enemy mail is always delayed by one day or more, that it is put in wrong sacks, and so on. -(e) Motion Pictures +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Projector operators can ruin newsreels and other enemy +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(e) \textit{Motion Pictures} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Projector operators can ruin newsreels and other enemy propaganda films by bad focusing, speeding up or slowing down the film and by causing frequent breakage in the film. @@ -1059,9 +1511,16 @@ empty section of the theater as you go in and leave it open. The moths will fly out and climb into the projector beam, so that the film will be obscured by fluttering shadows. -(f) Radio +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Station engineers will find it quite easy to overmodulate +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(f) \textit{Radio} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Station engineers will find it quite easy to overmodulate transmissions of talks by persons giving enemy propaganda or instructions, so that they will sound as if they were talking through a heavy cotton blanket with a mouth full of marbles. @@ -1084,15 +1543,30 @@ damage insulation on a high tension line near an enemy airfield, they will make ground-to-plane radio communications difficult and perhaps impossible during long periods of the day. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + + \section{Electric Power} -(a) Turbines, Electric Motors, Transformers +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1) See 5 b. (2) (e), (f),and (g). +(a) \textit{Turbines, Electric Motors, Transformers} -(b) Transmission Lines +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} -(1.) Linesmen can loosen and dirty insulators to cause power +\hspace{\parindent}(1) See 5 b. (2) (e), (f),and (g). + +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Transmission Lines} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Linesmen can loosen and dirty insulators to cause power leakage. It will be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of very heavy string several times back and forth between two parallel transmission lines, winding it several turns around the wire @@ -1100,19 +1574,28 @@ each time. Beforehand, the string should be heavily saturated with salt and then dried. When it rains, the string becomes a conductor, and a short-circuit will result. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{General Interference with Organizations and Production} -(a) Organizations and Conferences (1) Insist on doing -everything through “channels.” Never permit short-cuts to be +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(a) \textit{Organizations and Conferences} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Insist on doing +everything through ``channels.'' Never permit short-cuts to be taken in order to expedite decisions. -(2) Make “speeches.” Talk as frequently as possible and at -great length. Illustrate your “points” by long anecdotes and +(2) Make ``speeches.'' Talk as frequently as possible and at +great length. Illustrate your ``points'' by long anecdotes and accounts of personal experiences. Never hesitate to make a few -appropriate “patriotic” comments. +appropriate ``patriotic'' comments. (3) When possible, refer all matters to committees, for -“further study and consideration.” Attempt to make the +``further study and consideration.'' Attempt to make the committees as large as possible—never less than five. (4) Bring up irrelevant issues as frequently as possible. @@ -1133,9 +1616,16 @@ question of whether such action as is contemplated lies within the jurisdiction of the group or whether it might conflict with the policy of some higher echelon. -(b) Managers and Supervisors +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Demand written orders. +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(b) \textit{Managers and Supervisors} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Demand written orders. (2) ``Misunderstand'' orders. Ask endless questions or engage in long correspondence about such orders. Quibble over them @@ -1176,9 +1666,7 @@ their work. (11) Hold conferences when there is more critical work to be done. -(12) Multiply paper work in plausible ways. - -Start duplicate files. +(12) Multiply paper work in plausible ways. Start duplicate files. (13) Multiply the procedures and clearances involved in issuing instructions, pay checks, and so on. See that three @@ -1186,9 +1674,16 @@ people have to approve everything where one would do. (14) Apply all regulations to the last letter. -(c) Office Workers +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(c) \textit{Office Workers} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are copying orders. Confuse similar names. Use wrong addresses. (2) Prolong correspondence with government bureaus. @@ -1205,9 +1700,16 @@ another telephone. (7) Spread disturbing rumors that sound like inside dope. -(d) Employees +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} -(1) \textit{Work slowly}. Think out ways to increase the number of +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +(d) \textit{Employees} + +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + +\hspace{\parindent}(1) \textit{Work slowly}. Think out ways to increase the number of movements necessary on your job: use a light hammer instead of a heavy one, try to make a small wrench do when a big one is necessary, use little force where considerable force is needed, @@ -1252,8 +1754,13 @@ largely imaginary, and so on. (10) Mix good parts with unusable scrap and rejected parts. +\end{adjustwidth} +\end{adjustwidth} + \section{General Devices for Lowering Morale and Creating Confusion} +\begin{adjustwidth}{2em}{0em} + (a) Give lengthy and incomprehensible explanations when questioned. (b) Report imaginary spies or danger to the Gestapo or police. @@ -1276,4 +1783,7 @@ largely imaginary, and so on. (k) Do not cooperate in salvage schemes. +\end{adjustwidth} + + \end{document} \ No newline at end of file