commit c1797a1b278f77746dee4c4a154250573dcaf76a Author: Kenneth Odle Date: Sun Jul 2 18:48:47 2023 -0400 Initial commit diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00c6ac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Covers +*bklt* +*.aux +*.log +*.out +*.synctex.gz +*.toc +*.dvi +*.odt +metric* +*.mx1 +*.abc +*.bak diff --git a/ssfm.tex b/ssfm.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4e230a --- /dev/null +++ b/ssfm.tex @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +\documentclass[twoside]{book} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{makeidx} +%\makeindex +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage[fulloldstylenums]{kpfonts} +\usepackage{float} + +% Where are our images? +\graphicspath{{images/}} + +% Let's set this as a half-letter sized sheet +% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/338789/how-to-set-paper-size-to-half-letter-5-5-x-8-5-in-in-amsbook +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{ + paperheight=8.5in, + paperwidth=5.5in, + margin=0.5in +} +\raggedbottom + +% Adjust line spacing +\usepackage{setspace} +\setstretch{1.1} + +% Adjust the top and bottom margins +% http://kb.mit.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=3907057 +\addtolength{\topmargin}{0.4in} +\addtolength{\textheight}{-0.75in} + +% Set the header style +% https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Headers_and_footers +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\pagestyle{fancy} + \fancyhf{} + \fancyhead[CE,CO]{\textit{Simple Sabotage Field Manual}} +% \fancyhead[RE,LO]{Issue \#003} + \cfoot{\thepage} +\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.5pt} + +% Use drop caps +% https://texblog.org/2011/05/21/drop-caps-with-lettrine/ +\usepackage{type1cm} +\usepackage{lettrine} + + + +\author{United States Office of Strategic Services} +\title{Simple Sabotage Field Manual} +\date{17 January 1944} + + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +\tableofcontents + +\chapter{Introduction} + +\lettrine[loversize=0.3, nindent=-1pt]{T}{he} purpose of this paper is to characterize simple sabotage, +to outline its possible effects, and to present suggestions for +inciting and executing it. + +Sabotage varies from highly technical \textit{coup de main} acts that +require detailed planning and the use of specially-trained +operatives, to innumerable simple acts which the ordinary +individual citizen-saboteur can perform. This paper is +primarily concerned with the latter type. Simple sabotage does +not require specially prepared tools or equipment; it is +executed by an ordinary citizen who may or may not act +individually and without the necessity for active connection +with an organized group; and it is carried out in such a way as +to involve a minimum danger of injury, detection, and reprisal. + +Where destruction is involved, the weapons of the citizen- +saboteur are salt, nails, candles, pebbles, thread, or any other +materials he might normally be expected to possess as a +householder or as a worker in his particular occupation. His +arsenal is the kitchen shelf, the trash pile, his own usual kit of +tools and supplies. The targets of his sabotage are usually +objects to which he has normal and inconspicuous access in +everyday life. + +A second type of simple sabotage requires no destructive +tools whatsoever and produces physical damage, if any, by +highly indirect means. It is based on universal opportunities to +make faulty decisions, to adopt a noncooperative attitude, and +to induce others to follow suit. Making a faulty decision may be +simply a matter of placing tools in one spot instead of another. +A non-cooperative attitude may involve nothing more than +creating an unpleasant situation among one’s fellow workers, +engaging in bickerings, or displaying surliness and stupidity. + +This type of activity, sometimes referred to as the ``human +element'' is frequently responsible for accidents, delays, and +general obstruction even under normal conditions. The +potential saboteur should discover what types of faulty +decisions and the operations are \textit{normally} found in this kind of +work and should then devise his sabotage so as to enlarge that``margin for error'' + +\chapter{Possible Effects} + +\lettrine[loversize=0.3, findent=-2pt]{A}{cts} of simple sabotage are occurring throughout Europe. An +effort should be made to add to their efficiency, lessen their +detectability, and increase their number. Acts of simple +sabotage, multiplied by thousands of citizen-saboteurs, can be +an effective weapon against the enemy. Slashing tires, draining +fuel tanks, starting fires, starting arguments, acting stupidly, +short-circuiting electric systems, abrading machine parts will +waste materials, manpower, and time. Occurring on a wide +scale, simple sabotage will be a constant and tangible drag on +the war effort of the enemy. + +Simple sabotage may also have secondary results of more or +less value. Widespread practice of simple sabotage will harass +and demoralize enemy administrators and police. Further, +success may embolden the citizen-saboteur eventually to find +colleagues who can assist him in sabotage of greater +dimensions. Finally, the very practice of simple sabotage by +natives in enemy or occupied territory may make these +individuals identify themselves actively with the United +Nations war effort, and encourage them to assist openly in +periods of Allied invasion and occupation. + +\chapter{Motivating the Saboteur} + +\lettrine[loversize=0.3, findent=2pt, nindent=-0pt]{T}{o} incite the citizen to the active practice of simple sabotage +and to keep him practicing that sabotage over sustained +periods is a special problem. + +Simple sabotage is often an act which the citizen performs +according to his own initiative and inclination. Acts of +destruction do not bring him any personal gain and may be +completely foreign to his habitually conservationist attitude +toward materials and tools. Purposeful stupidity is contrary to +human nature. He frequently needs pressure, stimulation or +assurance, and information and suggestions regarding feasible +methods of simple sabotage. + +\section{Personal Motives} + +(a) The ordinary citizen very probably has no immediate +personal motive for committing simple sabotage. Instead, he +must be made to anticipate indirect personal gain, such as +might come with enemy evacuation or destruction of the ruling +government group. Gains should be stated as specifically as +possible for the area addressed: simple sabotage will hasten the +day when Commissioner X and his deputies Y and Z will be +thrown out, when particularly obnoxious decrees and +restrictions will be abolished, when food will arrive, and so on. +Abstract verbalizations about personal liberty, freedom of the +press, and so on, will not be convincing in most parts of the +world. In many areas they will not even be comprehensible. + +(b) Since the effect of his own acts is limited, the saboteur +may become discouraged unless he feels that he is a member of +a large, though unseen, group of saboteurs operating against +the enemy or the government of his own country and +elsewhere. This can be conveyed indirectly: suggestions which +he reads and hears can include observations that a particular +technique has been successful in this or that district. Even if the +technique is not applicable to his surroundings, another’s +success will encourage him to attempt similar acts. It also can +be conveyed directly: statements praising the effectiveness of +simple sabotage can be contrived which will be published by +white radio, freedom stations, and the subversive press. +Estimates of the proportion of the population engaged in +sabotage can be disseminated. Instances of successful sabotage +already are being broadcast by white radio and freedom +stations, and this should be continued and expanded where +compatible with security. + +(c) More important than (a) or (b) would be to create a +situation in which the citizen-saboteur acquires a sense of +responsibility and begins to educate others in simple sabotage. + +\section{Encouraging Destructiveness} + +It should be pointed out to the saboteur where the +circumstances are suitable, that he is acting in self-defense +against the enemy, or retaliating against the enemy for other +acts of destruction. A reasonable amount of humor in the +presentation of suggestions for simple sabotage will relax +tensions of fear. + +(a) The saboteur may have to reverse his thinking, and he +should be told this in so many words. Where he formerly +thought of keeping his tools sharp, he should now let them +grow dull; surfaces that formerly were lubricated now should +be sanded; normally diligent, he should now be lazy and +careless; and so on. Once he is encouraged to think backwards +about himself and the objects of his everyday life, the saboteur +will see many opportunities in his immediate environment +which cannot possibly be seen from a distance. A state of mind +should be encouraged that anything can be sabotaged. + +(b) Among the potential citizen-saboteurs who are to engage +in physical destruction, two extreme types may be +distinguished. On the one hand, there is the man who is not +technically trained and employed. This man needs specific +suggestions as to what he can and should destroy as well as +details regarding the tools by means of which destruction is +accomplished. + +(c) At the other extreme is the man who is a technician, such +as a lathe operator or an automobile mechanic. Presumably +this man would be able to devise methods of simple sabotage +which would be appropriate to his own facilities. However, this +man needs to be stimulated to re-orient his thinking in the +direction of destruction. Specific examples, which need not be +from his own field, should accomplish this. + +(d) Various media may be used to disseminate suggestions +and information regarding simple sabotage. Among the media +which may be used, as the immediate situation dictates, are: +freedom stations or radio false (unreadable) broadcasts or +leaflets may be directed toward specific geographic or +occupational areas, or they may be general in scope. Finally, +agents may be trained in the art of simple sabotage, in +anticipation of a time when they may be able to communicate +this information directly. + +\section{Safety Measures} + + + +\chapter{Tools, Targets, and Timing} + +\lettrine[loversize=0.3, nindent=0pt]{T}{he} citizen-saboteur cannot be closely controlled. Nor is it +reasonable to expect that simple sabotage can be precisely +concentrated on specific types of target according to the +requirements of a concrete military situation. Attempts to +control simple sabotage according to developing military +factors, moreover, might provide the enemy with intelligence of +more or less value in anticipating the date and area of notably +intensified or notably slackened military activity. + +Sabotage suggestions, of course, should be adapted to fit the +area where they are to be practiced. Target priorities for +general types of situations likewise can be specified, for +emphasis at the proper time by the underground press, +freedom stations, and cooperating propaganda. + +\section{Under General Conditions} + +(a) Simple sabotage is more than malicious mischief, and it +should always consist of acts whose results will be detrimental +to the materials and manpower of the enemy. + +(b) The saboteur should be ingenious in using his every-day +equipment. All sorts of weapons will present themselves if he +looks at his surroundings in a different light. For example, +emery dust—a at first may seen unobtainable but if the +saboteur were to pulverize an emery knife sharpener or emery +wheel with a hammer, he would find himself with a plentiful +supply. + +(c) The saboteur should never attack targets beyond his +capacity or the capacity of his instruments. An inexperienced +person should not, for example, attempt to use explosives, but +should confine himself to the use of matches or other familiar +weapons. + +(d) The saboteur should try to damage only objects and +materials known to be in use by the enemy or to be destined for +early use by the enemy. It will be safe for him to assume that +almost any product of heavy industry is destined for enemy +use, and that the most efficient fuels and lubricants also are +destined for enemy use. Without special knowledge, however, it +would be undesirable for him to attempt destruction of food +crops or food products. + +(e) Although the citizen-saboteur may rarely have access to +military objects, he should give these preference above all +others. + +\section{Prior to a Military Offensive} + +\section{During a Military Offensive} + + + +\chapter{Specific Suggestions for Simple Sabotage} + +\lettrine[loversize=0.3, nindent=1pt]{I}{t} will not be possible to evaluate the desirability of simple +sabotage in an area without having in mind rather specifically +what individual acts and results are embraced by the definition +of simple sabotage. + +A listing of specific acts follows, classified according to types +of target. This list is presented as a growing rather than a +complete outline of the methods of simple sabotage. As new +techniques are developed, or new fields explored, it will be +elaborated and expanded. + +\section{Buildings} + +\section{Industrial Production: Manufacturing} + +\section{Production: Metals} + +\section{Production: Mining and Mineral Extraction} + +\section{Production: Agriculture} + +\section{Transportation: Railways} + +\section{Transportation: Automotive} + +\section{Transportation: Water} + +\section{Communications} + +\section{Electric Power} + +\section{General Interference with Organizations and Production} + +\section{General Devices for Lowering Morale and Creating Confusion} + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file