diff --git a/crash_course_socialism.md b/crash_course_socialism.md index 08ec303..41ff456 100755 --- a/crash_course_socialism.md +++ b/crash_course_socialism.md @@ -464,7 +464,8 @@ Past and present socialist/anarchist societies include - [Revolutionary Cataloni - [Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)](https://iww.org/) - [Redneck Revolt / John Brown Gun Club](https://www.redneckrevolt.org/about) - [Huey P Newton Gun Club](https://hueypnewtongunclub.org/) -- [Socialist Alternative (SA)](http://www.socialistalternative.org/), [Committee for a Workers' International (CWI)](http://www.socialistworld.net/) +- [Socialist Alternative (SA)](http://www.socialistalternative.org/) +- [Committee for a Workers' International (CWI)](http://www.socialistworld.net/) - [Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL)](http://www.pslweb.org/) - [Democratic Socialists of America (DSA)](https://www.dsausa.org/) @@ -488,4 +489,4 @@ Past and present socialist/anarchist societies include - [Revolutionary Cataloni -*Credit to [/u/gab91](https://www.reddit.com/u/gab91), [/r/socialism](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/), [/r/socialism_101](https://www.reddit.com/r/Socialism_101/), [/r/communism101](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/).* \ No newline at end of file +*Credit to [/u/gab91](https://www.reddit.com/u/gab91), [/r/socialism](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/), [/r/socialism_101](https://www.reddit.com/r/Socialism_101/), [/r/communism101](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/)* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/socialism_faq.md b/socialism_faq.md index 5671b1c..a7e3a4b 100755 --- a/socialism_faq.md +++ b/socialism_faq.md @@ -9,23 +9,23 @@ - [Socialism FAQ](#socialism-faq) - * [Schools of thought](#schools-of-thought) - * [Socialism and communism](#socialism-and-communism) - * [Didn't communism fail? It works on paper but not in practice.](#didnt-communism-fail-it-works-on-paper-but-not-in-practice) - * [Who would sweep the floors under communism?](#who-would-sweep-the-floors-under-communism) + * [Didn't communism fail? It works in theory but not in practice.](#didnt-communism-fail-it-works-in-theory-but-not-in-practice) * [But what about human nature?](#but-what-about-human-nature) + * [Schools of thought](#schools-of-thought) + * [Socialism vs. communism](#socialism-vs-communism) * [Did the planned economies work?](#did-the-planned-economies-work) + * [Who would sweep the floors under communism?](#who-would-sweep-the-floors-under-communism) * [What about cooperatives?](#what-about-cooperatives) * [What would [X] be like under communism?](#what-would-x-be-like-under-communism) + [Further reading](#further-reading) - * [On Leninist theory](#on-leninist-theory) - + [Further reading](#further-reading-1) - * [On Trotsky and Trotskyism](#on-trotsky-and-trotskyism) * [On Economics and Sociology](#on-economics-and-sociology) * [On Nationalism and Internationalism](#on-nationalism-and-internationalism) * [On Women's Liberation](#on-womens-liberation) * [On Guns / Firearms / Violence](#on-guns--firearms--violence) - * [Liberalism](#liberalism) + * [On Liberalism](#on-liberalism) + * [On Leninism](#on-leninism) + + [Further reading](#further-reading-1) + * [On Trotskyism](#on-trotskyism) * [On the USSR](#on-the-ussr) + [Did the Soviet Union repress and kill millions of people?](#did-the-soviet-union-repress-and-kill-millions-of-people) + [Did the Soviet Union and the Warsaw pact nations have functioning democracies?](#did-the-soviet-union-and-the-warsaw-pact-nations-have-functioning-democracies) @@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ + [Did the cuban people like Fidel Castro?](#did-the-cuban-people-like-fidel-castro) * [On the DPRK](#on-the-dprk) + [Do North Koreans believe in unicorns and think Kim Jong-Un is immortal?](#do-north-koreans-believe-in-unicorns-and-think-kim-jong-un-is-immortal) - + [Do communists defend the DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of North Korea)? short answer: no, unless its against US imperialism.](https://www.reddit.com/r/FULLDISCOURSE/comments/60voir/lets_talk_about_the_dprk/) + [Is the DPRK a Fascist Monarchy?](#is-the-dprk-a-fascist-monarchy) + [Further reading](#further-reading-4) * [Other Topics](#other-topics) + [Why are socialists against bitcoin mining?](#why-are-socialists-against-bitcoin-mining) + [Whats so bad about Elon Musk?](#whats-so-bad-about-elon-musk) - + [Whats so bad about bill gates?](#whats-so-bad-about-bill-gates) + + [Whats so bad about Bill Gates?](#whats-so-bad-about-bill-gates) + [What's so bad about George Orwell?](#whats-so-bad-about-george-orwell) + [Did the atom bombs really end WW2?](#did-the-atom-bombs-really-end-ww2) + [Others](#others) @@ -57,6 +56,20 @@ # Socialism FAQ +## Didn't communism fail? It works in theory but not in practice. + +- [Did Socialism work in the USSR, and didn't the fall of the USSR bring more prosperity to Russia?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/86tqdd/but_socialism_doesnt_work_s/dw7qco0/) +- [[Honestly not trolling] Why, in your opinion, have most attempts to form countries based economically on communism and socialism (USSR, Cuba, China) fail?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1f8obt/honestly_not_trolling_why_in_your_opinion_have/) +- [Why did the Soviet Union fail?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1zrroq/why_did_the_soviet_union_fail/) +- [Communism, does it work?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/190vro/communism_does_it_work/) +- [How do I counter the "communism is a nice thought, but it just doesn't work, as proved by Soviet and China" argument?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/28sjy4/how_do_i_counter_the_communism_is_a_nice_thought/) + +## But what about human nature? + +- [What about human nature?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2yk3xl/what_about_human_nature_answer_but_add_yours_too/) +- [History and human nature.](https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/master/crash_course_socialism.md#history-and-human-nature) +- [Doesn't socialism go against human nature?](http://newdemocracyworld.org/culture/human_nature.html) + ## Schools of thought @@ -68,7 +81,7 @@ * [Looking for reference to types of communism.](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1fcc6o/looking_for_reference_to_types_of_communism/) * [What are the different forms of Marxism and what are their differences?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/206xtz/what_are_the_different_forms_of_marxism_and_what/) -## Socialism and communism +## Socialism vs. communism * [Did Karl Marx use "socialism" and "communism" interchangeably?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2msa39/did_karl_marx_use_socialism_and_communism/) * [Is the revolutionary DotP a separate material stage apart from lower phased communism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2mrkkj/is_the_revolutionary_dotp_a_separate_material/) @@ -77,13 +90,12 @@ * [What is Fascism?](http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1995/06/22/ur-fascism/) * [What was Engels Contribution to Marxism?](https://necessityandfreedom.wordpress.com/2017/04/16/without-engels-there-would-be-no-marxism/) -## Didn't communism fail? It works on paper but not in practice. +## Did the planned economies work? -* [Did Socialism work in the USSR, and didn't the fall of the USSR bring more prosperity to Russia?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/86tqdd/but_socialism_doesnt_work_s/dw7qco0/) -* [[Honestly not trolling] Why, in your opinion, have most attempts to form countries based economically on communism and socialism (USSR, Cuba, China) fail?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1f8obt/honestly_not_trolling_why_in_your_opinion_have/) -* [Why did the Soviet Union fail?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1zrroq/why_did_the_soviet_union_fail/) -* [Communism, does it work?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/190vro/communism_does_it_work/) -* [How do I counter the "communism is a nice thought, but it just doesn't work, as proved by Soviet and China" argument?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/28sjy4/how_do_i_counter_the_communism_is_a_nice_thought/) +- [Did Socialism work, in the USSR?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/86tqdd/but_socialism_doesnt_work_s/dw7qco0/) +- [My economics teacher said that the planned economies communist countries had are proven failures. Is this true?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/3e68nf/my_economics_teacher_said_that_the_planned/) +- [Towards a new socialism - Cockshott and Cottrell](http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/) +- [Why are communists against markets?](https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/master/market_socialism.md) ## Who would sweep the floors under communism? @@ -92,19 +104,6 @@ * [How does communism deal with lazy people?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/25r9hh/how_does_communism_deal_with_lazy_people/) * [How does communism/socialism deal with human laziness?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1g235j/how_does_communismsocialism_deal_with_human/) -## But what about human nature? - -* [What about human nature?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2yk3xl/what_about_human_nature_answer_but_add_yours_too/) -* [History and human nature.](https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/master/crash_course_socialism.md#history-and-human-nature) -* [Doesn't socialism go against human nature?](http://newdemocracyworld.org/culture/human_nature.html) - -## Did the planned economies work? - -* [Did Socialism work, in the USSR?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/86tqdd/but_socialism_doesnt_work_s/dw7qco0/) -* [My economics teacher said that the planned economies communist countries had are proven failures. Is this true?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/3e68nf/my_economics_teacher_said_that_the_planned/) -* [Towards a new socialism - Cockshott and Cottrell](http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/) -* [Why are communists against markets?](https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/master/market_socialism.md) - ## What about cooperatives? * [Can cooperatives bring about socialism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/336mz4/can_cooperatives_bring_about_socialism/) @@ -129,35 +128,6 @@ * [*Socialism: Utopian and Scientific*](https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/) by Friedrich Engels -## On Leninist theory - -* [An overview of Leninism.](https://theimmortalscience.wordpress.com/2017/02/27/the-state-and-revolution-an-overview/) -* [What is the vanguard party? Is one necessary?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/142p1b/what_is_the_vanguard_party_is_one_necessary/) -* [Why is a vanguard party necessary in Leninism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2n5xx3/why_is_a_vanguard_party_necessary_in_leninism/) -* [What is Vanguardism and Democratic Centralism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2eo0ft/what_is_vanguardism_and_democratic_centralism/) -* [What is a vanguard party supposed to be like? What qualifies and doesn't qualify as a vanguard party?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1b0r0o/what_is_a_vanguard_party_supposed_to_be_like_what/) -* [Difference between leninism and Marxist-leninism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/21jk1t/difference_between_leninism_and_marxistleninism/) -* [Why does left communism reject national liberation movements?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/27lbru/why_does_left_communism_reject_national/) -* [Is it true that Socialism has killed X million people, and how many has capitalism killed?](https://www.reddit.com/r/LateStageCapitalism/comments/5q2oak/someone_dies_under_socialism_no_matter_how_its/dcvu8lg/) -* [What's the role of the state in the revolution, and what is a state?](https://theimmortalscience.wordpress.com/2017/02/27/the-state-and-revolution-an-overview/) -* [Why do many socialist attempts end up in an authoritarian state? Watch this brilliant talk by Micheal Parenti](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYVes44hcJg&feature=youtu.be), or read his article, [Left anticommunism, the unkindest cut](http://www.greanvillepost.com/2015/05/23/left-anticommunism-the-unkindest-cut/) -* [What did Lenin say about socialism in one country?](https://espressostalinist.com/2012/03/11/lenin-on-socialism-in-one-country-2/) - -### Further reading - -* [*The Leninist Theory of Organisation*](http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/196x/leninism/index.htm) by Ernest Mandel -* [*Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought*](http://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/1924/lenin/) by Georg Lukacs - -## On Trotsky and Trotskyism - -- [Primarily to the trotskyists: Can you explain the theories of the degenerated workers state, the deformed workers state and state capitalism and can these theories co-exist in the same country?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2x5m39/primarily_to_the_trotskyists_can_you_explain_the/) -- [A critique of Trotsky?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2gpuoo/a_critique_of_trotsky/) -- [Regarding Trotsky's ‘‘Permanent revolution’’ and the two-stage theory](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/21izu4/regarding_trotskys_permanent_revolution_and_the/) -- [How does Lenin's theory of revolution differ from Trotsky's?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/16dpbv/how_does_lenins_theory_of_revolution_differ_from/) -- [What are the main Marxist analyses of fascism? and a question regarding Trotsky's](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2p7ozi/what_are_the_main_marxist_analyses_of_fascism_and/) -- [Did Stalin 'betray' the revolution? (repost of deleted question)](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1dp6qw/did_stalin_betray_the_revolution_repost_of/) -- [Why was "Lenin's testament" suppressed by the Party after Lenin's death?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2lfc5f/why_was_lenins_testament_suppressed_by_the_party/) - ## On Economics and Sociology - [Can someone ELI 5 the Labor Theory of Value](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2otlcz/can_someone_eli_5_the_labor_theory_of_value/) @@ -192,12 +162,42 @@ - [Do Marxists oppose individual terrorism? (Trotsky)](https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1911/11/tia09.htm) - [Where do socialists stand on gun violence and acts of terrorism?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/73tqcn/where_should_marxists_stand_on_gun_violence/) -## Liberalism +## On Liberalism - [Why do communists dislike liberals?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/4uaxjf/whats_the_deal_with_communists_hating_liberals/) - [What is liberalism? (Olly from Philosophy Tube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlLgvSduugI) - [What about free speech?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgwS_FMZ3nQ&t=2398s) +## On Leninism + +- [An overview of Leninism.](https://theimmortalscience.wordpress.com/2017/02/27/the-state-and-revolution-an-overview/) +- [What is the vanguard party? Is one necessary?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/142p1b/what_is_the_vanguard_party_is_one_necessary/) +- [Why is a vanguard party necessary in Leninism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2n5xx3/why_is_a_vanguard_party_necessary_in_leninism/) +- [What is Vanguardism and Democratic Centralism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2eo0ft/what_is_vanguardism_and_democratic_centralism/) +- [What is a vanguard party supposed to be like? What qualifies and doesn't qualify as a vanguard party?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1b0r0o/what_is_a_vanguard_party_supposed_to_be_like_what/) +- [Difference between leninism and Marxist-leninism?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/21jk1t/difference_between_leninism_and_marxistleninism/) +- [Why does left communism reject national liberation movements?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/27lbru/why_does_left_communism_reject_national/) +- [Is it true that Socialism has killed X million people, and how many has capitalism killed?](https://www.reddit.com/r/LateStageCapitalism/comments/5q2oak/someone_dies_under_socialism_no_matter_how_its/dcvu8lg/) +- [What's the role of the state in the revolution, and what is a state?](https://theimmortalscience.wordpress.com/2017/02/27/the-state-and-revolution-an-overview/) +- [Why do many socialist attempts end up in an authoritarian state? Watch this brilliant talk by Micheal Parenti](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYVes44hcJg&feature=youtu.be), or read his article, [Left anticommunism, the unkindest cut](http://www.greanvillepost.com/2015/05/23/left-anticommunism-the-unkindest-cut/) +- [What did Lenin say about socialism in one country?](https://espressostalinist.com/2012/03/11/lenin-on-socialism-in-one-country-2/) +- [Is Chomsky right about Marxist-Leninists being evil?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/4394rt/how_do_you_guys_feel_about_chomskys_views_on/czgj95w/) + +### Further reading + +- [*The Leninist Theory of Organisation*](http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/196x/leninism/index.htm) by Ernest Mandel +- [*Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought*](http://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/1924/lenin/) by Georg Lukacs + +## On Trotskyism + +- [Primarily to the trotskyists: Can you explain the theories of the degenerated workers state, the deformed workers state and state capitalism and can these theories co-exist in the same country?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2x5m39/primarily_to_the_trotskyists_can_you_explain_the/) +- [A critique of Trotsky?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2gpuoo/a_critique_of_trotsky/) +- [Regarding Trotsky's ‘‘Permanent revolution’’ and the two-stage theory](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/21izu4/regarding_trotskys_permanent_revolution_and_the/) +- [How does Lenin's theory of revolution differ from Trotsky's?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/16dpbv/how_does_lenins_theory_of_revolution_differ_from/) +- [What are the main Marxist analyses of fascism? and a question regarding Trotsky's](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2p7ozi/what_are_the_main_marxist_analyses_of_fascism_and/) +- [Did Stalin 'betray' the revolution? (repost of deleted question)](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/1dp6qw/did_stalin_betray_the_revolution_repost_of/) +- [Why was "Lenin's testament" suppressed by the Party after Lenin's death?](http://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/2lfc5f/why_was_lenins_testament_suppressed_by_the_party/) + ## On the USSR * [Did socialism achieve anything in the USSR?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/86tqdd/but_socialism_doesnt_work_s/dw7qco0/) @@ -380,13 +380,14 @@ - [Crushes unionization attempts at tesla factories, promising free frozen yogurt in return.](https://www.buzzfeed.com/carolineodonovan/musk-slams-union-drive-in-email-to-employees) - [Employees at Tesla suffer twice as many serious workplace injuries than the industry average.](http://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-injuries-rates-higher-industry-average-worksafe-2017-5) - [Uses public money to fund private ventures, costing taxpayers $4.9B.](http://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2016/05/09/elon-musk-tesla-crony/84169496/) +- [Attracts new investors by hyping failed projects, leading many financial investigators to consider Tesla a ponzi scheme.](https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-07-05/why-tesla-executives-are-fleeing) - [Wants to privatize space travel, leaving colonization and exploration to to the richest few.](https://www.salon.com/2017/10/08/against-mars-a-lago-why-spacexs-mars-colonization-plan-should-terrify-you/) - [Fired his assistance of 12 years for asking for a raise. Divorced his wife after telling her that his life "operated quite smoothly" in her absence.](https://jalopnik.com/elon-musk-is-a-jerk-that-once-fired-his-assistant-of-12-1797699824) - [Rocket jesus broken promises #1.](https://www.reddit.com/r/EnoughMuskSpam/comments/73eh4m/tracking_elon_musks_visions_promises_and/) - [Rocket jesus broken promises #2.](https://www.reddit.com/r/EnoughMuskSpam/comments/7spkqa/happy_2018_everybody_lets_take_a_moment_to_recall/) -### Whats so bad about bill gates? +### Whats so bad about Bill Gates? - [He's a philanthro-capitalist imperialist: using the bill and melinda gates foundation charity as a bargaining chip to work in the interests of billionaire elites. This impoverishes poorer countries, undermining their democracy and independence by making them fully dependent on US aid.](https://www.liberationnews.org/real-agenda-gates-foundation/) - [His charities promote corporate interests above health care](http://www.globaljustice.org.uk/sites/default/files/files/resources/gjn_gates_report_june_2016_web_final_version_2.pdf). @@ -403,7 +404,6 @@ - [No, the entrance of the USSR into the war against Japan was the cause of Japan's surrender, which the US fully knew about since they were intercepting Japan's communications. The Atom bombing of Japanese civilians was in reality a display of military power against the USSR, and the first act of the cold war.](http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/) ### Others -- [Is Chomsky right about Marxist-Leninists being evil?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/4394rt/how_do_you_guys_feel_about_chomskys_views_on/czgj95w/) - [What's so bad about Winston Churchill?](http://www.reddit.com/r/ShitLiberalsSay/comments/80sxhj/-/duy08zm) , [2](https://crimesofbritain.com/2016/09/13/the-trial-of-winston-churchill/) - [What about Jordan Peterson?](https://www.reddit.com/r/Socialism_101/comments/85cuay/thoughts_on_jordan_petersons_criticism_of_marxism/dvwnd25/) - [What is Antifa? (Olly)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgwS_FMZ3nQ) diff --git a/us_atrocities.md b/us_atrocities.md index 49cbdc4..57cf68b 100755 --- a/us_atrocities.md +++ b/us_atrocities.md @@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ Notes : - In 1887, the [Dawes Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Act), and [Curtis Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898), resulted in the loss of 90 million acres of native-alloted land, and the abolition of many native governments. During the ensuing decades, the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands, which were sold to non-Natives. In addition, many individuals, unfamiliar with land ownership, became the target of speculators and criminals, were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming, and lost their household lands. Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Act) +- Starting in the 1870s, The US army, aided by settlers and private hunters, began a widespread policy of [slaughtering bufallo and bison](https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2016/05/the-buffalo-killers/482349/), in order to destroy many tribe's primary food source, and to starve Native Americans into submission. By 1900, they succeeded; the bufallo population dropped from more than 30 million, to a few hundred. The country’s highest generals, politicians, and presidents including Ulysses S. Grant, saw the destruction of buffalo as solution to the country’s “[Indian Problem](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40168089?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents).” By destroying the food supply of the plains natives, they could more easily move them onto reservations.[1](https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2016/05/the-buffalo-killers/482349/) + - Starting in 1830-50, The [Trail of Tears](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears) was a series of forced removals of [Native American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) nations, including Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Cherokee people and the African freedmen and slaves who lived among them, from their ancestral homelands in the [Southeastern United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_United_States) to an area west of the [Mississippi River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River) that had been designated as Native Territory. The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the [Indian Removal Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act) in 1830. "Marshaled by guards, hustled by agents, harried by contractors,they were being herded on the way to an unknown and unwelcome destination like a flock of sick sheep." They went on ox wagons, on horses, on foot, then to be ferried across the MississippiRiver. The army was supposed to organize their trek, but it turned over its job to private contractors who charged the government as much as possible, gave the Indians as little as possible. The [Cherokee removal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_removal) in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near [Dahlonega, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlonega,_Georgia) in 1828, resulting in the [Georgia Gold Rush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush).[[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-6) Approximately 2,000-6,000 of the 16,543 relocated Cherokee perished along the way.[[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-7)[[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-8)[[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-9)[[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-10)[[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears#cite_note-books.google.com-11) @@ -321,6 +323,7 @@ Notes : ### Latinos +- Starting in April 2018, the Trump administration began a policy of separating families who attempt to cross the border. Separated children have been housed in a number of newly constructed tent facilities, such as [one in Tornillo, TX](https://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2018/06/trumps-holocaust-us-child-concentration.html). Andrea Pitzer, the author of “One Long Night: A Global History of Concentration Camps" writes, “While writing a book on camp history, I defined concentration camps as the mass detention of civilians without trial, usually on the basis of race, religion, national origin, citizenship, or political party, rather than anything a given individual has done. By this definition, the new child camp established in Tornillo, Texas, is a concentration camp.” [1](https://www.democracynow.org/2018/7/5/concentration_camps_in_the_us_andrea) - Throughout 2018, [I.C.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement) started another wave of deportations, breaking up hundreds of families, and mandated the legal separation incoming parents from their children (presumably to deter future asylum-seekers). ICE arrested [114 people in Sandusky OH](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2018/06/11/angry-that-ice-is-ripping-families-apart-dont-just-blame-trump-blame-clinton-bush-and-obama-too/). [Trump and Jeff Sessions have ramped up a trend of forcible deportations](http://time.com/longform/donald-trump-immigration-policy-splitting-families/) started by Clinton and Obama. Between 2016 and 2017, [apprehensions of undocumented immigrants jumped by a third](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/ice-agents-feel-more-empowered-than-ever-to-arrest-and-deport-even-the-lowest-priority-immigrants/). In 2017, President Trump deported more than double the number of noncriminals than Obama had the previous year. Those deported include a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy in San Antonio; a grandmother described as the “backbone” of a Navy veteran’s family; a father of two in Detroit who had lived in the U.S. since he was 10 years old. A major consequence of this new policy has been an explosion of fear among immigrant communities “When everyone’s a target, no one is safe,” says Luis Zayas, dean of the Steve Hicks School of Social Work at the University of Texas at Austin. He cites instances of ICE agents arresting people who had just filed paperwork for a green card, left church or dropped off their kids at school. “The arrests feel arbitrary, and that’s different,” he says. “The fear is worse now than I’ve ever seen it.” [1](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2018/06/11/angry-that-ice-is-ripping-families-apart-dont-just-blame-trump-blame-clinton-bush-and-obama-too/), [2](http://time.com/longform/donald-trump-immigration-policy-splitting-families/),[3](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/ice-agents-feel-more-empowered-than-ever-to-arrest-and-deport-even-the-lowest-priority-immigrants/) - In July 2017, [police shot Ismael Lopez](https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/us/mississippi-man-shot-dead/index.html), a Mississippi car mechanic, in the back of the head at his own home, killing him. While the police say that he was holding a weapon, his guns were nowhere near his dead body, and police also killed his dog, and bullet holes were found from police shooting through the front door. No officer has been charged.[1](https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/us/mississippi-man-shot-dead/index.html) - The [United States Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security) rescinded [DACA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals), or Deferred Action on Childhood Arrivals, a program which protects ~ 800,000 minors from being deported, on June 16, 2017, while continuing to review the existence of the DACA program as a whole. The DACA policy was rescinded by the [Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration) on September 5, 2017, but full implementation of the rescission was delayed six months to give Congress time to decide how to deal with the population that was previously eligible under the policy. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals)