\item[alias] A command for creating a shell alias for a command.

\item[ALSA] 

\item[apt] A command (\textbf{a}dvanced \textbf{p}ackaging \textbf{t}ool) for installing new software. It is the front end for the Debian package management system, performing a large number of functions, including downloading of packages, resolving dependencies, and installation of Debian packages (which have a \texttt{.deb} file extension).

\item[apt-get] 

\item[Arch Linux] 

\item[bash] 

\item[bin] 

\item[binary] 

\item[boot] 

\item[build] 

\item[Calamares] A distro-agnostic system installer for Linux distributions. It was originally develop in 2014 by Teo Mrnjavac before being picked up by KaOS.

\item[cd] A command for \textbf{c}hanging \textbf{d}irectories. The usual format is \texttt{cd <pathname>}. Just entering \texttt{cd} without specifying a path will take you to the root of your user home directory.

\item[chmod] 

\item[chown] 

\item[Cinnamon] 

\item[clear] 

\item[CLI] The Command Line Interface, that is, a text-based interface, which is the opposite of a GUI or graphical user interface.

\item[codec] A piece of software that encodes and decodes (i.e., plays) digital data, typically audio and video streams.

\item[command binary] 

\item[command line] 

\item[Common Desktop Environment]

\item[compile] 

\item[console] 

\item[cowsay] A command line utility that produces an ASCII picture of a cow saying whatever text you input on \texttt{stdin}. The package includes a few variations (called, naturally ``cow files'') which are typically located at \texttt{/usr/share/cowsay}; you can view these by using the \texttt{-l} flag, and use one with the \texttt{-f} flag. Typical output looks like: 

\begin{verbatim}
 ______________
< Linux rocks! >
 --------------
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||
\end{verbatim}

You can also pipe the \texttt{fortune} utility to it:

\begin{verbatim}
 -----------------------------------
/ You teach best what you most need \
\ to learn.                         /
 -----------------------------------
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||
\end{verbatim}

\item[cp] 

\item[CUPS] The Common Unix Print Server. It is Ubuntu's print server, which is a dream when it works properly and a nightmare when it doesn't.

\item[daemon] A process that runs in the background. These perform a large number of tasks, such as writing to system logs or monitoring your network.

\item[Debian] One of the most popular Linux distros, developed by the Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16 1993. It is one of the oldest Linux distros, and is the basis for many other distros, including Ubuntu (q.v.). All of their distribution codenames are based on characters from the movie \textit{Toy Story}, with the unstable trunk being named ``Sid'' after the character who regularly destroys his toys. ``Debian'' is a portmanteau of Ian's then girlfriend Debra Lynn and his own first name.

\item[dependency] 

\item[dev] 

\item[df] 

\item[diff] 

\item[distro] Short for ``distribution,'' this refers to a specific version of Linux that is customized with its own software, options, and look and feel. These include things like Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora. \textit{c.f.} flavor.

\item[. (dot)] 

\item[.. (dot dot)] 

\item[dpkg] 

\item[du] 

\item[dvipdf] 

\item[echo] 

\item[Elementary OS] 

\item[etc] 

\item[Fedora] 

\item[find] 

\item[flabor] 

\item[fortune] A utility that sends a fortune to \texttt{stdout}. It has a surprising number of options for such a simple utility. (The \texttt{-o} option will select potentially offensive fortunes. This option is not selected by default; use at your own peril.)

\item[fsck] A utility (\textbf{f}ile \textbf{s}ystem che\textbf{ck}) for checking the consistency of a file system. (The Windows equivalent is \texttt{chkdsk}.) fsck runs automatically on every 30th boot of Ubuntu.
