Adding Mexican repatriation. Fixes #109

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Dessalines 2021-08-31 11:25:10 -04:00
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- [Why Sanders is not a socialist - Anticonquista ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbcrJT485r8)
- [Paying one half of the poor to kill the other half: Why Marxists should not support Sanders.](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism/comments/f7g3dj/paying_one_half_of_the_poor_to_kill_the_other/)
- [The propaganda multiplier: How the wests propaganda machine functions.](https://swprs.org/the-propaganda-multiplier/)
- [On "brainwashing"](https://redsails.org/brainwashing/)
## Pacifism and Violence
@ -324,7 +325,7 @@
- [Why do communists dislike liberals?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/4uaxjf/whats_the_deal_with_communists_hating_liberals/), [2](https://www.reddit.com/r/me_irl/comments/cccf31/meirl/etnbaxx/)
- [What is liberalism? (Olly from Philosophy Tube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlLgvSduugI)
- [What about free speech? What about Antifa / Anti-Fascism?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgwS_FMZ3nQ&t=2398s)
- [What about free speech?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/c9ee36/comment/et0a5tc/)
- [How do communists feel about free speech? Are they okay with suppression of free speech in places like China?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/c9ee36/why_do_i_see_so_many_people_on_the_communism/et0a5tc/)
- [What does free speech really mean?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/8onmz2/free_speech_under_communism/)
- [What are the different types of free speech?](https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/4a44se/a_short_history_of_liberalism_and_free_speech/d0xbncx/)
@ -518,8 +519,6 @@
### Is China State Capitalist?
*Much credit to /u/bayarea415*
* The backbone of the economy is [state ownership and socialist planning](https://lemmygrad.ml/pictrs/image/1NSG54IaEm.png?format=webp). [24 / 25 of the top revenue companies are state-owned and planned.](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/8hdbib/how_is_china_communist_if_it_has_a_ton_of_private/dyj082s/) [70% of the top 500 companies are State-owned](https://chinapower.csis.org/chinese-companies-global-500/). [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission#Central_SOEs), [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_Chinese_companies) The largest bank, construction, electricity, and energy companies in the world, are CPC controlled entities, subject to the [5 year plans laid out by the central committee.](https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-10-29/19th-CPC-Central-Committee-concludes-fifth-plenary-session-UZ8ZC4kHhm/index.html)
* [Workplace democracy in action in the CPC.](https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1043159032935006208.html)
* [Is modern day china communist? Is it staying true to communist values?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/91liw2/how_is_china_staying_true_to_communist_values/e2z3kzu/)
@ -527,6 +526,7 @@
* [Is the CPC committed to communism?](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism101/comments/c9ee36/why_do_i_see_so_many_people_on_the_communism/esxapi2/)
* [The Long Game and Its Contradictions](https://medium.com/@leohezhao/the-long-game-and-its-contradictions-8ff92823cf68?postPublishedType=repub&fbclid=IwAR1jAfUSH39nEKCkTAD7GK8ayR9YVekX6Ht6hWU7x7iKPVUK_fLdA5OlPV4). [Audiobook](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0-IkmzWbjoali1j-mai9MtggjA-Vzc4x)
* [The myth of Chinese state capitalism. Did Deng really betray Chinese socialism?](http://www.greanvillepost.com/2015/08/20/the-myth-of-chinese-capitalism-2/)
* [Tsinghua University- Is Socialism with Chinese Characteristics real socialism, or is it state Capitalism?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62mvMWJHt8g)
* [Do capitalists control the communist party? No](https://medium.com/@leohezhao/the-long-game-and-its-contradictions-8ff92823cf68?postPublishedType=repub), [pic](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2087/1*A-SuzTx-HlyvrIPKaOTOHA.jpeg)
* [What is socialism with Chinese characteristics (SWCC\)?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ff_ZkwJmfWQ)
* [Domenico Losurdo - is China state capitalist?](https://redsails.org/flight-from-history/#the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-historical-analysis-of-socialism)
@ -623,6 +623,7 @@
- [Chinas Social Credit System, and how it isn't actually Black Mirror and how you should stop using facile pop cultural references to demonize countries you haven't bothered to understand.](https://mobile.twitter.com/isgoodrum/status/975536363364696064?lang=en)
- [Nathan Rich - the US is lying about Huawei 5g.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfxfdHJ3k9Y)
- [numuves - How the US dominates tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgzB4_Zw3RE)
- [On the great firewall, and china not allowing US taech companies. ](https://mobile.twitter.com/Mango_Press_/status/1423263749302067202)
### What's going on with the Uyghurs?
@ -1246,6 +1247,7 @@ Much credit to [David Kinder's current affairs article, the rise of the Ruth Bad
- Calls people ["Mentally ill crybabies"](https://i.imgur.com/T0RnOCC.jpg), "Woke-Scolds", and "Simps".
- ["US geopolitical power is important to me personally, because I'm not ready to lose that to China"](https://twitter.com/AlMuntherO_O/status/1260679840698634242?s=20). *got removed*
- [Vaush goes full neocon - "The US shouldn't pull out of the middle east, or else chaos would ensue, and these countries would become like Cambodia [which the USA bombed and overthrew Sihanouk - Ed]. Then they'd become chinese vassal states"](https://streamable.com/kfzaxj).
- [Says its a mistake for the US military to leave Afghanistan. Calls the 2.7 trillions dollars spent, and hundreds of thousands of afghan lives lost, "relatively cheap."](https://twitter.com/AndeanComintern/status/1427377366926508036?s=20)
- [Is against decolonization.](https://twitter.com/trikstr_/status/1280053214117793792) "We're not going to fkn leave America, white people are staying... we're not gonna give something back to native Americans... the best way forward is to integrate our communities". Vaush responds to a native person talking about indigenous movements and rights by saying: ["I'll listen to the scientists."](https://twitter.com/guajirx/status/1280314035217588224?s=21)
- [Vaush talks down to a Korean person, saying that he hates Korean people, and doesn't know anything about them.](https://twitter.com/aboIishamerica/status/1376891876222107653?s=20)
- [Vaush calls Korea, "a festering shithole", and says the North Koreans "got dabbed on", referring to the 4-5 Million deaths the US inflicted.](https://twitter.com/NatalieRevolts/status/1377327842313265154?s=20)
@ -1301,3 +1303,4 @@ Much credit to [David Kinder's current affairs article, the rise of the Ruth Bad
- [Is signal secure? Yasha Levine](https://yasha.substack.com/p/signal-is-a-government-op-85e)
- Belarus: [1](https://np.reddit.com/r/EuropeanSocialists/comments/i8cf4z/nazi_roots_of_symbols_of_the_belarusian_opposition/), [2](https://thegrayzone.com/2021/05/26/belarus-roman-protasevich-plane-nazis-ukraine/), [3](https://www.rt.com/russia/525032-protasevich-arrest-neo-nazi-links/)
- [The Fort Dietrich virus](https://twitter.com/ProPeace97/status/1420657562618318850)
- [Cory booker](https://twitter.com/Remroum/status/1425296761820786688?s=20)

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@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Notes :
### Western hemisphere
- TODO add cuba, twitter stuff. Add additional trump sanctions, can't trade with VZ
- In March 2020, [the US placed a $15M dollar bounty on the head of the Venezuelan president, Maduro.](https://thegrayzone.com/2020/03/27/trump-bounty-maduro-guaido-plot/) This is the first time the US has publicly put a bounty on a ruling head of state, accusing Maduro and his government of drug trafficking, and harboring terrorists. The US Drug Enforcement agency itself states that less than 7% of drug movement through south america transits from Venezuela: [93% of cocaine comes from Columbia, a staunch US ally, 4% from Peru, and 3% from Unknown.](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/XgStB403WWFWtTXDj5pLdVCwb9hdcqwbTF5vsOJ8Elnh_GNRcd3ZpoK5RgCw0fTPuOr7SrmMOkv8worNLSPLe08vshLXGrFdJOwPUD56bnb9aOzK7Y-RfKbv4pZ_ir8rRYFLAXTf) [2](https://twitter.com/camilateleSUR/status/1245881372360740867?s=20) The US has historically been closely allied with South American drug traffickers, [like Honduras's US-Backed president Juan Orlando Hernandez](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/03/honduran-president-juan-orlando-hernandez-drug-money), Panamanian President [Manuel Noriega](http://elsiglo.com.pa/panama/muertos-invasion-misterio-aclarar/23829789), [The Contras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_involvement_in_Contra_cocaine_trafficking), and [many more](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking). The US-appointed "president of Venezuela", Juan Guaido, [is closely connected to the Columbian cartel Los Rastrojos](https://www.codepink.org/the_venezuelan_opposition_s_paramilitary_gambit), a vicious cartel responsible for dozens of kidnappings and murders in Tachira VZ.
- On Nov 10, 2019, newly re-elected [Bolivian President Evo Morales](https://twitter.com/camilateleSUR/status/1193718218705264641) was forced to resign by the Bolivian military as [part of a US-backed right-wing coup.](https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Bolivia-President-Evo-Morales-Resigns-Amid-Right-Wing-Coup-20191110-0006.html) [Right-wing violence](https://www.telesurenglish.net/opinion/Its-Now-or-Never-Bolivian-Elite-Destroying-the-Country-20191107-0023.html) in the wake of Evo's re-election ( [a landslide victory](https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Evo-Morales-Fraud-Allegations-Are-Pretext-for-Coup-20191105-0011.html) of > 10% the next runner ) included the kidnapping of Evo's brother and sister, [cutting the hair of a leftist mayor, painting her red and parading her down the street, forcing her resignation, burning the town hall](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bolivia-protests-cut-hair-mayor-patricia-arce-mas-party-red-paint-a9193816.html), the firebombing of several leftist government members' houses, and street clashes in Cochabamba, Potosi, and La paz resulting in deaths and injuries. The Radio Education Network of Bolivia (Erbol) has released [16 recordings](https://www.en24.news/news/2019/11/10/bolivia-audios-leaked-from-opposition-leaders-calling-for-a-coup-against-evo-morales.html), [2](https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/surgen-16-audios-que-vinculan-c%C3%ADvicos-exmilitares-y-eeuu-en-planes-de-agitaci%C3%B3n), which uncover talks between U.S. officials, Bolivian opponents, and former military, [outlining the coup strategy](https://bbackdoors.wordpress.com/2019/10/08/us-hands-against-bolivia-part-i/). In a three-part plan outlined by U.S. officials, former President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (2002-2003) is mentioned. Lozada had Carlos Mesa (the principal opponent of Morales in the last election) as his vice-president and currently lives in the U.S. U.S. senators Bob Menendez, Ted Cruz, and Marco Rubio are some of the American officials mentioned in the audios, linked to the Bolivian opposition planning a coup against President Evo Morales. A [Wikileaks cable confirmed](https://twitter.com/BenjaminNorton/status/1193650483208052744?s=20) that the [US was using Mesa to undermine Evo for years.](https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08LAPAZ2311_a.html) The US government (through USAID) spent [over $97M dollars to try to topple Morales and fund separatists in his first 7 years in office.](https://nacla.org/news/usaids-silent-invasion-bolivia) [World leaders have condemned the coup.](https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/World-Leaders-Organizations-Condemn-Coup-Against-Evo-Morales-in-Bolivia-20191110-0008.html) The primary reason for the coup: [a fight over Bolivia's lithium](https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/11/12/after-morales-ousted-coup-lithium-question-looms-large-bolivia), a crucial mineral required for smartphone and electric car batteries. Bolivia is estimated to have over 70% of the world's lithium reserves, and was on the cusp of completing a deal with China and kicking out several French, US, and South Korea mining firms. Over the next few days, [over 68k fake twitter accounts were created](https://orinocotribune.com/non-existent-support-68000-fake-twitter-accounts-supporting-the-coup-in-bolivia) supporting the coup, many coming from [airforce bases in Virginia](https://i.imgur.com/gDOgavC.jpg). [Debunking US propaganda on Bolivia.](https://www.reddit.com/r/communism/comments/dvdsds/effort_post_counter_cia_propaganda_a_guide_to_the/)
- In 2017, [Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Maria#Puerto_Rico), leaving 3.4 million without electricity and fuel, and causing an estimated $50 Billion in damage. 55% of Puerto Ricans have no potable water, in one of the worst humanitarian crises in decades. In marked contrast to the initial relief efforts for [Hurricane Katrina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina) and the [2010 Haiti earthquake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake), on September 22 the only signs of relief efforts were beleaguered Puerto Rican government employees. The US response has been dismal, leading many to believe that the US prefers a decapitalized Puerto Rico. On September 29, San Juan Mayor Cruz held a press conference to plead for aid and to highlight failures by FEMA, saying, "This is what we got last night. Four pallets of water, three pallets of meals, and 12 pallets of infant food — which, I gave them to the people of [Comerío](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comer%C3%ADo,_Puerto_Rico), where people are drinking off a creek. So I am done being polite. I am done being politically correct. I am mad as hell." Cruz continued. "So I am asking the members of the press, to send a mayday call all over the world. We are dying here... And if it doesn't stop, and if we don't get the food and the water into people's hands, what we are going to see is something close to a [genocide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide)." In response [President Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Donald_Trump) wrote on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter): "Such poor leadership ability by the Mayor of San Juan and others in Puerto Rico, who are not able to get their workers to help." [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Maria#Puerto_Rico)
@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ Notes :
- In 1975, Henry Kissinger launches a CIA-backed war in Angola, backing the brutal anti-communist leader of UNITAS, [Jonas Savimbi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Savimbi), against [Agostinho Neto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostinho_Neto) and his Marxist-Leninst MPLA party, creating a [civil war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War) lasting for 30 years. The CIA financed a covert invasion via neighboring Zaire and a drive on the Angolan capital by the U.S. ally, South Africa. Congress continues to fund UNITAS, and their south-african apartheid allies until the late 1980s. By the end of the war, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War)
- In 1966, a CIA-backed [military coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Council#1966_coup) overthrows he widely popular Pan-Africanist and Marxist leader [Kwame Nkrumah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah) in Ghana, inviting the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to take a lead role in managing the economy. With this reversal, accentuated by the expulsion of immigrants and a new willingness to negotiate with apartheid South Africa, Ghana lost a good deal of its stature in the eyes of African nationalists.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah)
- In 1965, a CIA-backed military coup installs [Mobutu Sese Seko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko), described as the "archetypal African dictator" in Congo. The hated and repressive Mobutu exploits his desperately poor country for billions.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko)
- In 1962, a tip from a CIA spy in South Africa [lead to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela, due to his pro-USSR leanings.](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/15/cia-operative-nelson-mandela-1962-arrest) This began his 27-year-long imprisonment.
- In 1961, the CIA assists in the assassination of the democratically elected congolese leader [Patrice Lumumba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba), throwing the country into years of turmoil. Before his assassination the CIA sent one of its scientists, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, to the Congo carrying “lethal biological material” intended for use in Lumumbas assassination. This virus would have been able to produce a fatal disease indigenous to the Congo area of Africa and was transported in a diplomatic pouch. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba)
- In 1801, and again in 1815, the US aided Sweden in subjugating a series of coastal towns in North Africa, in the [Barbary Wars.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Wars) The stated reason was to crack down on pirates, but the wars destroyed the navies of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco, and secured European and US shipping routes for goods and slaves in North Africa. US Representatives stated: “When we can appear in the Ports of the various Powers, or on the Coast, of Barbary, with Ships of such force as to convince those nations that We are able to protect our trade, and to compel them if necessary to keep faith with Us, then, and not before, We may probably secure a large share of the Meditn trade, which would largely and speedily compensate the U. S. for the Cost of a maritime force amply sufficient to keep all those Pirates in Awe, and also make it their interest to keep faith.” Thomas Jefferson echoed and carried out the war, saying that war was essential to securing markets along the Barbary Coast.
@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ Notes :
- In 2003, the CIA kidnapped Italian milanese Imam Abu Omar, took him to Egypt, then tortured, including rape, genital electro-shock, and resulted in him becoming deaf in one ear, in the [Imam Rapito Affair.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Rapito_affair) On 23 December 2005, a judge issued a European arrest warrant against 22 CIA agents, but the US hasn't responded.
- In 2002, GW Bush signed into law the ["Hague invasion act"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Service-Members'_Protection_Act), IE the American Service-Members' Protection Act, which gives the US: "all means necessary and appropriate to bring about the release of any U.S. or allied personnel being detained or imprisoned by, on behalf of, or at the request of the International Criminal Court".
- From March to June of 1999, After Serbs refused to acquiesce in the break-up of their republic, the US and NATO began [bombing Yugoslavia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia) killing ~500 civilians, leaving thousands homeless, destroying bridges, industrial plants, public buildings, private businesses, as well as barracks and military installations. [1](https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/11/18/breaking-yugoslavia-how-the-us-used-nato-as-its-battering-ram/), [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia)
- In February, 1998, A US marine core plane flying wrecklessly below regulations, cut a cable supporting aerial cable cars at a ski resort near Cavalese, Italy, killing 20 people, in the [Cavalese Cable Car Disaster.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalese_cable_car_disaster_\(1998\)) The pilots destroyed the plane's tape, and were found not guilty. Italian prosecutors were outraged that the US refused to forgoe the NATO treaty that gives all jurisduction to US military courts. By February 1999, the victims' families had received USD $65,000 per victim as immediate help by the Italian government, which was reimbursed by the U.S. government. In May 1999, the U.S. Congress rejected a bill that would have set up a $40 million compensation fund for the victims. In December 1999, the Italian legislature approved a monetary compensation plan for the families ($1.9 million per victim). NATO treaties obligated the U.S. government to pay 75% of this compensation, which it did.
- In February, 1998, A US marine core plane flying wrecklessly below regulations, cut a cable supporting aerial cable cars at a ski resort near Cavalese, Italy, killing 20 people, in the [Cavalese Cable Car Disaster / Massacre of Cermis.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalese_cable_car_disaster_\(1998\)) The pilots destroyed the plane's tape, and were found not guilty. Italian prosecutors were outraged that the US refused to forgoe the NATO treaty that gives all jurisduction to US military courts. By February 1999, the victims' families had received USD $65,000 per victim as immediate help by the Italian government, which was reimbursed by the U.S. government. In May 1999, the U.S. Congress rejected a bill that would have set up a $40 million compensation fund for the victims. In December 1999, the Italian legislature approved a monetary compensation plan for the families ($1.9 million per victim). NATO treaties obligated the U.S. government to pay 75% of this compensation, which it did.
- In 1995, the US conducted a campaign of airstrikes called [Operation Deliberate Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force), as part of an intervention in the [Bosnian civil war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War). [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force)
- From the 1950s-90s, the CIA and NATO ran a series of clandestine networks, headquartered in Rome, Italy called [Operation Gladio.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio) Its purpose was supplying aid (primarily money and weaponry) to right wing paramilitaries to attack left-wing movements, and carry out assassinations and bombings, as well as funnel money to centrist political parties. It had operations in Belgium, Finland, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Austria. In Italy, the group had 600+ members, and carried out car bombings during Italy's [years of lead.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Years_of_Lead) In Germany, it included former Nazi SS members—Staff Sgt. Heinrich Hoffman, Lt. Col. Hans Rues, and Lt. Col. Walter Kopp. CIA weapons caches are still being discovered in all the countries above.
- Throughout the 1980-90s, the US, with the aid of the IMF and NATO, [actively destabilized and aided](https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/11/18/breaking-yugoslavia-how-the-us-used-nato-as-its-battering-ram/) in the [breakup of Yugoslavia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia), with the goal of weakening and destroying the last surviving socialist bloc in Europe. These include stirring up ethnic tensions between the member countries, economic warfare, and military intervention. The Reagan administration in a 1982 secret memo, advocated "expanded efforts to promote a 'quiet revolution' to overthrow Communist governments and parties," while reintegrating the countries of Eastern Europe into a market-oriented economy. In November 1990, the Bush administration pressured Congress into passing the [1991 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act](https://archive.org/details/TheUSLawThatPushedTheBreakUpOfYugoslaviaPublicLaw101513Nov51990MultilateralEconomicAssistance), which provided that any part of Yugoslavia failing to declare independence within six months would lose U.S. financial support, demanded separate elections in each of the six Yugoslav republics, and mandated U.S. State Department approval of both election procedures and results as a condition for any future aid. In 1991, Yugoslav Army chief [Veljko Kadijević](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veljko_Kadijevi%C4%87) stated: "An insidious plan has been drawn up to destroy Yugoslavia. Stage one is civil war. Stage two is foreign intervention. Then puppet regimes will be set up throughout Yugoslavia." [1](https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/11/18/breaking-yugoslavia-how-the-us-used-nato-as-its-battering-ram/), [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia), [3](https://archive.org/details/TheUSLawThatPushedTheBreakUpOfYugoslaviaPublicLaw101513Nov51990MultilateralEconomicAssistance)
@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ Notes :
- In 1996, in response to increased immigration from countries such as El Salvador and Guatemala ravaged by US imperialism and authoritarian dictatorships, the US passed the [Anti-Terrorism and effective Death Penalty Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996), allowing deportation of any immigrant ever convicted of a crime, no matter how long ago or how serious. Lawful permanent residents who had married Americans and now had children were not exempt. The *New York Times* reported in July that "hundreds of long-term legal residents have been arrested since the law passed." [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996)
- By 1984, during the Reagan-era of social services and welfare cutbacks, 42% of all Latino children and one-fourth of the families lived below the poverty line.
- In 1983, a mostly latino workforce lead the 3-year long [Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_copper_mine_strike_of_1983), in which the police, national guard, and Arizona governor assisted in one of the largest strikebreaking incidents of the 1980s, ending with the [Phelps Dodge Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelps_Dodge_Corporation) replacing most of the workers and decertifying the unions. Miners were subject to [undercover surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance) by the Arizona Criminal Intelligence Systems Agency, to identify strikers engaged in violence, with the governor sending 325 National Guard soldiers to Morenci, and increasing the number of state policemen there to 425. Meanwhile, the local government passed [injunctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injunction) limiting both picketing and demonstrations at the mine. The Arizona copper mine strike would later become a symbol of defeat for American unions. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_copper_mine_strike_of_1983)
- In 1954, the US implemented [Operation Wetback](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback), a US law enforcement initiative under Eisenhower to curb Mexican immigration, in which over 1 Million Mexicans were arrested. After implementation, Operation Wetback gave rise to arrests and deportations by the [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol) that were civil rights violations, which resulted in several hundred United States citizens being illegally deported without being given a chance to prove their citizenship. A total of 750 immigration and border patrol officers and investigators; 300 jeeps, cars and buses; and seven airplanes were allocated for the operation.[[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-28) Teams were focused on quick processing, as planes were able to coordinate with ground efforts and quickly deport people into Mexico.[[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-ngai156-29) While the operation included the cities of [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles), [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), and [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago), its main targets were border areas in [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas) and [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California).[[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-ngai156-29) Overall, there were 1,078,168 apprehensions made in the first year of Operation Wetback, with 170,000 being rounded up from May to July 1954. In addition, many illegal immigrants fled to Mexico fearing arrest; over half a million from Texas alone. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback)
- From 1929 - 1954, the US implemented [Mexican Repatriation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation), and [Operation Wetback](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback), a US law enforcement initiative under Eisenhower to curb Mexican immigration, in which over 1 Million Mexicans were arrested. After implementation, Operation Wetback gave rise to arrests and deportations by the [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol) that were civil rights violations, which resulted in several hundred United States citizens being illegally deported without being given a chance to prove their citizenship. From 1929 - 1939, ~400k-2 Million people were deported, 40-60% of them lawful citizens, and many of them children. About 1.1 Million people were deported in 1954 alone. A total of 750 immigration and border patrol officers and investigators; 300 jeeps, cars and buses; and seven airplanes were allocated for the operation.[[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-28) Teams were focused on quick processing, as planes were able to coordinate with ground efforts and quickly deport people into Mexico.[[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-ngai156-29) While the operation included the cities of [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles), [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco), and [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago), its main targets were border areas in [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas) and [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California).[[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback#cite_note-ngai156-29) Overall, there were 1,078,168 apprehensions made in the first year of Operation Wetback, with 170,000 being rounded up from May to July 1954. In addition, many illegal immigrants fled to Mexico fearing arrest; over half a million from Texas alone. [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wetback) [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20160822070322/http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1147&context=plr)
- In 1951, the Los Angeles Police Department severely beat up 5 latino and 2 white men, in an event called [Bloody Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1951)), leaving them with broken bones and ruptured organs, and covered it up. After pressure from the Mexican-American community, the LAPD opened up an internal inquiry, resulting in eight [police officers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officers) being indicted for the assaults, 54 being transferred, and 39 suspended.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1951))
### Asians