Update us_atrocities.md, add paragraph about the Huk rebellion in Philippines (#127)

This PR includes a new paragraph about the US war against the Huks in Philippines between 1945-54.

Some of the information is mentioned in the Wikipedia page but most of the info is from a book: Shalom, Stephen. (1986) THE UNITED STATES AND THE PHILIPPINES: A STUDY OF NEOCOLONIALISM. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. There is a direct PDF link to the book at the end of the paragraph and the PDF is searchable with using Ctrl+F.

us_atrocities.md

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ Notes :
 - In 1958, The United States supported the [Batista dictatorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista) in Cuba. Batista aligned with the wealthiest landowners who owned the largest sugar plantations, and presided over a stagnating economy that widened the gap between rich and poor Cubans. Eventually most of the sugar industry was in U.S. hands, and foreigners owned 70% of the arable land. As such, Batista's increasingly corrupt and repressive government then began to systematically profit from the exploitation of Cuba's commercial interests, by negotiating lucrative relationships with both the American Mafia, who controlled the drug, gambling, and prostitution businesses in Havana, and with large U.S.-based multinational companies who were awarded lucrative contracts. To quell the growing discontent amongst the populace—which was subsequently displayed through frequent student riots and demonstrations—Batista established tighter censorship of the media, while also utilizing his Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities secret police to carry out wide-scale violence, torture and public executions; ultimately killing anywhere from hundreds to 20,000 people. After the [Cuban revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution), the CIA launched a long campaign of terrorism against Cuba, training Cuban exiles in Florida, Central America and the Dominican Republic to commit assassinations and sabotage in Cuba. These include the [cuban embargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba), and [over 638 failed assasination attempts on fidel castro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Fidel_Castro). [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista)
 - In 1954, the CIA overthrows the democratically elected Guatemalen [Jacobo Árbenz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobo_%C3%81rbenz) in a [military coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat) in [operation PBSucess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_PBSuccess). Arbenz threatened to nationalize the Rockefeller-owned United Fruit Company, in which CIA Director Allen Dulles also owns stock. Arbenz is replaced with a series of US-backed right-wing dictators whose bloodthirsty policies will kill over 100,000 Guatemalans in the next 40 years, until 1996. The coup has been described as the definitive deathblow to democracy in Guatemala.[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat)
 - In 1953, A 2011 release of British intelligence files revealed that [US and British MI5 forces overthrew the government of Cheddi Jagan](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/26/mi5-files-coup-british-guiana), the elected leader of British Guyana. They showed how British spies kept up intense scrutiny on Cheddi Jagan and his wife Janet, who together founded the People's Progressive party (PPP) to campaign for workers' rights and independence from British rule for the sugar-producing colony in northern South America. Churchill and the US feared that the Jagans were communists, although MI5 found no foreign ties. Churchill dispatched a warship, HMS Superb, and brought hundreds of troops by air and sea to secure key sites. An outraged Cheddi Jagan appealed by telegram to Britain's opposition Labour party for help. Leader Clement Attlee replied curtly: "Regret impossible to intervene."
+- From 1945-54 [the US waged a war against the Hukbalahaps ("Huks") in the Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukbalahap_Rebellion). The Huks were a leftist resistance army consisting largely of peasant farmers. On February 7, 1945, over 100 Huks were massacred and buried in a mass grave by the USAFFE guerrillas (U.S. Army Forces in the Far East). In the late spring and early summer of 1945, the USAFFE guerrillas had conductued a reign of terror against the Huks. Brutality and looting became the norm for anyone suspected of even a remote connection with the Huks. After the WW2, USAFFE was ordered to be demobilized and the US needed alternative instruments for enforcing its rule, so they started to support, train, and fund the Philippine army and officials. For example the Philippine Military Police was in direct control and supervision of the US Army. Between September 1945 and the beginning of May 1946, a conservative estimate placed the number of Huks killed at 660. Philippines managed to became independent on July 4, 1946, but little changed for the peasants, Huks were shelled indiscriminately; villagers were tortured and forcibly evacuated, their homes looted and burned. Just before the independency, on June 30, 1946, the US Army gave to the Philippine Army $100 million worth of arms, equipment and supplies. Between 1946 and 1946 Philipine government and landlords continued their reign of terror against the peasantry. In 1951 an Office of Psychological Warfare was set up and it was shortly after renamed to Civil Affairs Office (CAO). The CAO undertook a massive propaganda effort against the Huks. Within two years more than 13 million leaflets and other literature had been distrubuted, and over 6,000 mettings were held, reaching 1.5 million people. The CAO organized anticommunist forums in universities, patriotic writing contests were set up for high school and college students, and propaganda materials were distrubuted in the grammar schools. In the early 1950s, three major news-papers were American-owned. News of the world outside the Philippines was largely filtered through American-owned wire services. Sixty percent of the films shown in the Philippines were imported from the US. The US also used other propaganda techniques, such as exploiting ethnic differences among Filipinos, covertly formenting mass demonstrations against the Huks etc. Between August 1, 1950, and June 30, 1952, the Philippine Air Force flew 2,600 bombing and strafing sorties, expending over 1 million rounds of .50 caliber ammunition and 250,000 pounds of explosives on Huk targets. At the end of 1951 the US provided napalm for the Philippine officials and it was used against suspected Huk concentrations. Although the Huks did not formally concede defeat until the mid-1950s, they were essentially beaten militarily and psychologically in the first few years of the decade. US policymakers had been willing to use American troops directly in the Philippines if necessary, but they welcomed not having to do so. "Much of the stigma of colonialism can be removed," stated a high-level State and Defense Department mission to Southeast Asia, "if, where necessary, yellow men will be killed by yellow men rather than by white men alone."[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukbalahap_Rebellion),[2](https://web.archive.org/web/20220311221232/https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceb5kcg2xl5lowyu2v6avzmorbpmwddqj54bu5gk6kowsjdnjaevjw?filename=Stephen+R.+Shalom+-+The+United+States+and+the+Philippines_+A+Study+of+Neocolonialism-Institute+for+the+Study+of+Human+Issues+%281981%29.pdf)
 - Between 1946-48, the [US government secretly infected hundreds of test subjects in Guatemala with STDs, without their consent, in order to see the effects of various diseases.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30895754/) US academic institutions also participated in the studies.
 - In 1941, the US used its contacts in the Panama National Guard, which the U.S. had earlier trained, to have the government of Panama overthrown in a bloodless coup. The U.S. had requested that the government of Panama allow it to build over 130 new military installations inside and outside of the [Panama Canal Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone), and the government of Panama refused this request at the price suggested by the U.S.
 - In [Smedley Butler's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smedley_Butler#The_Banana_Wars) (A former US general and medal of honor recipient) 1935 pamphlet, [War is a Racket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Is_a_Racket), he recounted his experience as being an agent of American Imperialism: “I spent 33 years and four months in active military service and during that period I spent most of my time as a high class muscle man for Big Business, for Wall Street and the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism. I helped make Mexico and especially Tampico safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the National City Bank boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. I helped purify Nicaragua for the International Banking House of Brown Brothers in 1902-1912. I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the American sugar interests in 1916. I helped make Honduras right for the American fruit companies in 1903. In China in 1927 I helped see to it that Standard Oil went on its way unmolested. Looking back on it, I might have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents.”[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smedley_Butler#The_Banana_Wars)