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518ff789cb
@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
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% \usepackage{fancyvrb} % Use line numbers with code samples
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% \usepackage{fvextra} % Break lines inside Verbatim environment:
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\usepackage{enumitem} % Control spacing in lists
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\setlist[enumerate]{itemsep=-2pt, topsep=5pt}
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% \usepackage{setspace} % Better control over line-spacing
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% \usepackage{nicefrac} % Use nice fractions
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\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc} % Keep the footnotes at the bottom of the page
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@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ pH is a rather vague concept for a lot of people, and the internet contains a lo
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pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline (i.e., basic) a substance is. There is a lot of chemistry and math involved in pH, so let's start with some basic facts before getting into the chemistry and math.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\begin{enumerate}[noitemsep]
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\item The pH scale goes in two directions: from 7 down to zero, and from 7 up to fourteen.
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\item Substances with a pH of 7 are neutral—they are neither acidic nor basic. (They are also very rare.)
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\item Substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic.
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@ -413,24 +412,6 @@ Surfactants are one of the most widespread and commercially important chemicals.
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\paragraph{Scrub-a-dub-dub}
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Unlike acids, bases, and surfactants, abrasives use physical means, rather than chemical means, to get something clean. In the home, you have seven basic options for abrasive cleaning:
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Scrapers—can be metal or plastic
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\item Brushes
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\item Scouring pads
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\item Steel wool
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\item Cleansing powders
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\item Salt of baking soda
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\item Sand
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\end{enumerate}
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The danger with using any sort of abrasive cleaning technique is that it is all too easy to damage whatever you are cleaning. Steel scrapers may work great, but if the steel in your scraper is harder than the material you are scraping, you stand a very good chance of damaging the item.
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Abrasive cleaning usually works best (and lessens the potential damage to your item) when you combine it with other cleaning techniques. Soaking something in warm water will often help loosen material, making the scraping part of cleaning either easier or completely unnecessary.
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This is why two of these methods—steel wool and cleansing powders—typically include a detergent, which helps to both loosen dirt and grime, but also helps to carry it away when you get to the rinse stage.
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\chapter{Heat}
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