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@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ Director
 
 \tableofcontents
 
+
 \chapter{Introduction}
 
 \lettrine[loversize=0.3, nindent=-1pt]{T}{he} purpose of this paper is to characterize simple sabotage,
@@ -632,24 +633,619 @@ the drums and cans in which it is stored.
 
 \section{Production: Metals}
 
+(a) Iron and Steel
 
+(1) Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be
+frequently shut down for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for
+the inner lining of blast furnaces, put in an extra proportion of
+tar so that they will wear out quickly and necessitate constant
+re-lining.
+
+(2) Make cores for casting so that they are filled with air
+bubbles and an imperfect cast results.
+
+(3) See that the core in a mold is not properly supported, so
+that the core gives way or the casting is spoiled because of the
+incorrect position of the core.
+
+(4) In tempering steel or iron, apply too much heat, so that
+the resulting bars and ingots are of poor quality.
+
+(b) Other Metals
+
+No suggestions available.
 
 \section{Production: Mining and Mineral Extraction}
 
+(a) Coal
+
+(1) A slight blow against your Davy oil lamp will extinguish it,
+and to light it again you will have to find a place where there is
+no fire damp. Take a long time looking for the place.
+
+(2) Blacksmiths who make pneumatic picks should not
+harden them properly, so that they will quickly grow dull.
+
+(3) You can easily put your pneumatic pick out of order. Pour
+a small amount of water through the oil lever and your pick will
+stop working. Coal dust and improper lubrication will also put
+it out of order.
+
+(4) Weaken the chain that pulls the bucket conveyers
+carrying coal. A deep dent in the chain made with blows of a
+pick or shovel will cause it to part under normal strain. Once a
+chain breaks, normally or otherwise take your time about
+reporting the damage; be slow about taking the chain up for
+repairs and bringing it back down after repairs.
+
+(5) Derail mine cars by putting obstructions on the rails and
+in switch points. If possible, pick a gallery where coal cars have
+to pass each other, so that traffic will be snarled up.
+
+(6) Send up quantities of rock and other useless material
+with the coal.
+
 \section{Production: Agriculture}
 
+(a) Machinery
+
+(1) See par. 5 b. (2) (c), (d), (e).
+
+(b) Crops and livestock probably will be destroyed only in
+areas where there are large food surpluses or where the enemy
+(regime) is known to be requisitioning food.
+
+(1.) Feed crops to livestock. Let crops harvest too early or too
+late. Spoil stores of grain, fruit and vegetables by soaking them
+in water so that they will rot. Spoil fruit and vegetables by
+leaving them in the sun.
+
 \section{Transportation: Railways}
 
+(a) Passengers
+
+(1.) Make train travel as inconvenient as possible for enemy
+personnel. Make mistakes in issuing train tickets, leaving
+portions of the journey uncovered by the ticket book; issue two
+tickets for the same seat in the train, so that an interesting
+argument will result; near train time, instead of issuing printed
+tickets write them out slowly by hand, prolonging the process
+until the train is nearly ready to leave or has left the station. On
+station bulletin boards announcing train arrivals and
+departures, see that false and misleading information is given
+about trains bound for enemy destinations.
+
+(2) In trains bound for enemy destinations, attendants
+should make life as uncomfortable as possible for passengers.
+See that the food is especially bad, take up tickets after
+midnight, call all station stops very loudly during the night,
+handle baggage as noisily as possible during the night, and so
+on.
+
+(3) See that the luggage of enemy personnel is mislaid or
+unloaded at the wrong stations.
+
+Switch address labels on enemy baggage.
+
+(4) Engineers should see that trains run slow or make
+unscheduled stops for plausible reasons.
+
+(b) Switches, Signals and Routing
+
+(1) Exchange wires in switchboards containing signals and
+switches, so that they connect to the wrong terminals.
+
+(2) Loosen push-rods so that signal arms do not work; break
+signal lights; exchange the colored lenses on red and green
+lights.
+
+(3) Spread and spike switch points in the track so that they
+will not move, or place rocks or close-packed dirt between the
+switch points.
+
+(4) Sprinkle rock salt or ordinary salt profusely over the
+electrical connections of switch points and on the ground
+nearby. When it rains, the switch will be short-circuited.
+
+(5) See that cars are put on the wrong trains. Remove the
+labels from cars needing repair and put them on cars in good
+order. Leave couplings between cars as loose as possible.
+
+(c) Road-beds and Open Track
+
+(1) On a curve, take the bolts out of the tie-plates connecting
+to sections of the outside rail, and scoop away the gravel,
+cinders, or dirt for a few feet on each side of the connecting
+joint.
+
+(2) If by disconnecting the tie-plate at a joint and loosening
+sleeper nails on each side of the joint, it becomes possible to
+move a sections of rail, spread two sections of rail and drive a
+spike vertically between them.
+
+(d) Oil and Lubrication
+
+(1) See 5 b. (2) (b).
+
+(2) Squeeze lubricating pipes with pincers or dent them with
+hammers, so that the flow of oil is obstructed.
+
+(e) Cooling Systems
+
+(1) See 5 b (2) (c).
+
+(f) Gasoline and Oil Fuel
+
+(1) See 5 b (2) (d).
+
+(g) Electric Motors
+
+(1) See 5 b (2) (e) and (f).
+
+(h) Boilers
+
+(1) See 5 b (2) (h).
+
+(2) After inspection put heavy oil or tar in the engines’
+boilers, or put half a kilogram of soft soap into the water in the
+tender.
+
+(i) Brakes and Miscellaneous
+
+(1) Engines should run at high speeds and use brakes
+excessively at curves and on downhill grades.
+
+(2) Punch holes in air-brake valves or water supply pipes.
+
+(3) In the last car of a passenger train or or a front car of a
+freight, remove the wadding from a journal box and replace it
+with oily rags.
+
 \section{Transportation: Automotive}
 
+(a) Roads. Damage to roads [(3) below] is slow, and therefore
+impractical as a D-day or near D-day activity.
+
+(1) Change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy
+will go the wrong way and it may be miles before he discovers
+his mistakes.
+
+In areas where traffic is composed primarily of enemy autos,
+trucks, and motor convoys of various kinds remove danger
+signals from curves and intersections.
+
+(2) When the enemy asks for directions, give him wrong
+information. Especially when enemy convoys are in the
+neighborhood, truck drivers can spread rumors and give false
+information about bridges being out, ferries closed, and
+detours lying ahead.
+
+(3) If you can start damage to a heavily traveled road,
+passing traffic and the elements will do the rest. Construction
+gangs can see that too much sand or water is put in concrete or
+that the road foundation has soft spots. Anyone can scoop ruts
+in asphalt and macadam roads which turn soft in hot weather;
+passing trucks will accentuate the ruts to a point where
+substantial repair will be needed. Dirt roads also can be
+scooped out. If you are a road laborer, it will be only a few
+minutes work to divert a small stream from a sluice so that it
+runs over and eats away the road.
+
+(4) Distribute broken glass, nails, and sharp rocks on roads
+to puncture tires.
+
+(b) Passengers
+
+(1) Bus-driver can go past the stop where the enemy wants to
+get off. Taxi drivers can waste the enemy’s time and make extra
+money by driving the longest possible route to his destination.
+
+(c) Oil and Lubrication
+
+(1) See 5 b. (2) (b).
+
+(2) Disconnect the oil pump; this will burn out the main
+bearings in less than 50 miles of normal driving.
+
+(d) Radiator
+
+(1) See 5 b. (2) (c).
+
+(e) Fuel
+
+(1) See 5 b. (2) (d).
+
+(f) Battery and Ignition
+
+(1) Jam bits of wood into the ignition lock; loosen or
+exchange connections behind the switchboard; put dirt in spark
+plugs; damage distributor points.
+
+(2) Turn on the lights in parked cars so that the battery will
+run down.
+
+(3) Mechanics can ruin batteries in a number of undetectable
+ways: Take the valve cap off a cell, and drive a screw driver
+slantwise into the exposed water vent, shattering the plates of
+the cell; no damage will show when you put the cap back on.
+Iron or copper filings put into the cells i.e., dropped into the
+acid, will greatly shorten its life. Copper coins or a few pieces of
+iron will accomplish the same and more slowly.
+One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of vinegar in each cell
+greatly reduces the life of the battery, but the odor of the
+vinegar may reveal what has happened.
+
+(g) Gears
+
+(1) Remove the lubricant from or put too light a lubricant in
+the transmission and other gears.
+
+(2) In trucks, tractors, and other machines with heavy gears,
+fix the gear case insecurely, putting bolts in only half the bolt
+holes. The gears will be badly jolted in use and will soon need
+repairs.
+
+(h) Tires
+
+(1) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded vehicles. Put a nail
+inside a match box or other small box, and set it vertically in
+front of the back tire of a stationary car; when the car starts off,
+the nail will go neatly through the tire.
+
+(2) It is easy to damage a tire in a tire repair shop: In fixing
+flats, spill glass, benzine, caustic soda, or other material inside
+the casing which will puncture or corrode the tube. If you put a
+gummy substance inside the tube, the next flat will stick the
+tube to the casing and make it unusable. Or, when you fix a flat
+tire, you can simply leave between the tube and the casing the
+object which caused the flat in the first place.
+
+(3) In assembling a tire after repair, pump the tube up as fast
+as you can. Instead of filling out smoothly, it may crease, in
+which case it will wear out quickly. Or, as you put a tire
+together, see if you can pinch the tube between the rim of the
+tire and the rim of the wheel, so that a blow-out will result.
+
+(4) In putting air into tires, see that they are kept below
+normal pressure, so that more than an ordinary amount of
+wear will result. In filling tires on double wheels, inflate the
+inner tire to a much higher pressure than the outer one; both
+will wear out more quickly this way. Badly aligned wheels also
+wear tires out quickly; you can leave wheels out of alignment
+when they come in for adjustment, or you can spring them out
+of true with a strong kick, or by driving the car slowly and
+diagonally into a curb.
+
+(5) If you have access to stocks of tires, you can rot them by
+spilling oil, gasoline, caustic acid, or benzine on them.
+Synthetic rubber, however, is less susceptible to these
+chemicals.
+
 \section{Transportation: Water}
 
+(a) Navigation
+
+(1) Barge and river boat personnel should spread false
+rumors about the navigability and conditions of the waterways
+they travel. Tell other barge and boat captains to follow
+channels that will take extra time, or cause them to make canal
+detours.
+
+(2) Barge and river boat captains should navigate with
+exceeding caution near locks and bridges, to waste their time
+and to waste the time of other craft which may have to wait on
+them. If you don’t pump the bilges of ships and barges often
+enough, they will be slower and harder to navigate. Barges
+``accidentally'' run aground are an efficient time waster too.
+
+(3) Attendants on swing, draw, or bascule bridges can delay
+traffic over the bridge or in the waterway underneath by being
+slow. Boat captains can leave unattended draw bridges open in
+order to hold up road traffic.
+
+(4) Add or subtract compensating magnets to the compass
+on cargo ships. Demagnetize the compass or maladjust it by
+concealing a large bar of steel or iron near to it.
+
+(b) Cargo
+
+(1) While loading or unloading, handle cargo carelessly in
+order to cause damage. Arrange the cargo so that the weakest
+and lightest crates and boxes will be at the bottom of the hold,
+while the heaviest ones are on top of them.
+
+Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on sloppily, so that rain and
+deck wash will injure the cargo.
+
+Tie float valves open so that storage tanks will overflow on
+perishable goods.
+
 \section{Communications}
 
+(a) Telephone
+
+(1) At office, hotel and exchange switch boards delay putting
+enemy calls through, give them wrong numbers, cut them off
+“accidentally,” or forget to disconnect them so that the line
+cannot be used again.
+
+(2) Hamper official and especially military business by
+making at least one telephone call a day to an enemy
+headquarters; when you get them, tell them you have the wrong
+number.
+
+Call military or police offices and make anonymous false
+reports of fires, air raids, bombs.
+
+(3) In offices and buildings used by the enemy, unscrew the
+earphone of telephone receivers and remove the diaphragm.
+Electricians and telephone repair men can make poor
+connections and damage insulation so that cross talk and other
+kinds of electrical interference will make conversations hard or
+impossible to understand.
+
+(4) Put the batteries under automatic switchboards out of
+commission by dropping nails, metal filings, or coins into the
+cells. If you can treat half the batteries in this way, the
+switchboard will stop working. A whole telephone system can
+be disrupted if you can put 10 percent of the cells in half the
+batteries of the central battery room out of order.
+
+(b) Telegraph
+
+(1) Delay the transmission and delivery of telegrams to
+enemy destinations.
+
+(2) Garble telegrams to enemy destinations so that another
+telegram will have to be sent or a long distance call will have to
+be made. Sometimes it will be possible to do this by changing a
+single letter in a word—for example, changing “minimum” to
+“maximum,” so that the person receiving the telegram will not
+know whether “minimum” or “maximum” is meant.
+
+(c) Transportation Lines
+
+(1) Cut telephone and telegraph transmission lines. Damage
+insulation on power lines to cause interference.
+
+(d) Mail
+
+(1) Post office employees can see to it that enemy mail is
+always delayed by one day or more, that it is put in wrong
+sacks, and so on.
+
+(e) Motion Pictures
+
+(1) Projector operators can ruin newsreels and other enemy
+propaganda films by bad focusing, speeding up or slowing
+down the film and by causing frequent breakage in the film.
+
+(2) Audiences can ruin enemy propaganda films by
+applauding to drown the words of the speaker, by coughing
+loudly, and by talking.
+
+(3) Anyone can break up a showing of an enemy propaganda
+film by putting two or three dozen large moths in a paper bag.
+Take the bag to the movies with you, put it on the floor in an
+empty section of the theater as you go in and leave it open. The
+moths will fly out and climb into the projector beam, so that
+the film will be obscured by fluttering shadows.
+
+(f) Radio
+
+(1) Station engineers will find it quite easy to overmodulate
+transmissions of talks by persons giving enemy propaganda or
+instructions, so that they will sound as if they were talking
+through a heavy cotton blanket with a mouth full of marbles.
+
+(2) In your own apartment building, you can interfere with
+radio reception at times when the enemy wants everybody to
+listen. Take an electric light plug off the end of an electric light
+cord; take some wire out of the cord and tie it across two
+terminals of a two-prong plug or three terminals of a four-
+prong plug. Then take it around and put it into as many wall
+and floor outlets as you can find. Each time you insert the plug
+into a new circuit, you will blow out a fuse and silence all radios
+running on power from that circuit until a new fuse is put in.
+
+(3) Damaging insulation on any electrical equipment tends to
+create radio interference in the immediate neighborhood,
+particularly on large generators, neon signs, fluorescent
+lighting, X-ray machines, and power lines. If workmen can
+damage insulation on a high tension line near an enemy
+airfield, they will make ground-to-plane radio communications
+difficult and perhaps impossible during long periods of the day.
+
 \section{Electric Power}
 
+(a) Turbines, Electric Motors, Transformers
+
+(1) See 5 b. (2) (e), (f),and (g).
+
+(b) Transmission Lines
+
+(1.) Linesmen can loosen and dirty insulators to cause power
+leakage. It will be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of very
+heavy string several times back and forth between two parallel
+transmission lines, winding it several turns around the wire
+each time. Beforehand, the string should be heavily saturated
+with salt and then dried. When it rains, the string becomes a
+conductor, and a short-circuit will result.
+
 \section{General Interference with Organizations and Production}
 
+(a) Organizations and Conferences (1) Insist on doing
+everything through “channels.” Never permit short-cuts to be
+taken in order to expedite decisions.
+
+(2) Make “speeches.” Talk as frequently as possible and at
+great length. Illustrate your “points” by long anecdotes and
+accounts of personal experiences. Never hesitate to make a few
+appropriate “patriotic” comments.
+
+(3) When possible, refer all matters to committees, for
+“further study and consideration.” Attempt to make the
+committees as large as possible—never less than five.
+
+(4) Bring up irrelevant issues as frequently as possible.
+
+(5) Haggle over precise wordings of communications,
+minutes, resolutions.
+
+(6) Refer back to matters decided upon at the last meeting
+and attempt to re-open the question of the advisability of that
+decision.
+
+(7) Advocate ``caution.'' Be ``reasonable'' and urge your
+fellow-conferees to be ``reasonable'' and avoid haste which
+might result in embarrassments or difficulties later on.
+
+(8) Be worried about the propriety of any decision—raise the
+question of whether such action as is contemplated lies within
+the jurisdiction of the group or whether it might conflict with
+the policy of some higher echelon.
+
+(b) Managers and Supervisors
+
+(1) Demand written orders.
+
+(2) ``Misunderstand'' orders. Ask endless questions or engage
+in long correspondence about such orders. Quibble over them
+when you can.
+
+(3) Do everything possible to delay the delivery of orders.
+Even though parts of an order may be ready beforehand, don’t
+deliver it until it is completely ready.
+
+(4) Don’t order new working materials until your current
+stocks have been virtually exhausted, so that the slightest delay
+in filling your order will mean a shutdown.
+
+(5) Order high-quality materials which are hard to get. If you
+don’t get them argue about it. Warn that inferior materials will
+mean inferior work.
+
+(6) In making work assignments, always sign out the
+unimportant jobs first. See that the important jobs are assigned
+to inefficient workers of poor machines.
+
+(7) Insist on perfect work in relatively unimportant products;
+send back for refinishing those which have the least flaw.
+Approve other defective parts whose flaws are not visible to the
+naked eye.
+
+(8) Make mistakes in routing so that parts and materials will
+be sent to the wrong place in the plant.
+
+(9) When training new workers, give incomplete or
+misleading instructions.
+
+(10) To lower morale and with it, production, be pleasant to
+inefficient workers; give them undeserved promotions.
+Discriminate against efficient workers; complain unjustly about
+their work.
+
+(11) Hold conferences when there is more critical work to be
+done.
+
+(12) Multiply paper work in plausible ways.
+
+Start duplicate files.
+
+(13) Multiply the procedures and clearances involved in
+issuing instructions, pay checks, and so on. See that three
+people have to approve everything where one would do.
+
+(14) Apply all regulations to the last letter.
+
+(c) Office Workers
+
+(1) Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are
+copying orders. Confuse similar names. Use wrong addresses.
+
+(2) Prolong correspondence with government bureaus.
+
+(3) Misfile essential documents.
+
+(4) In making carbon copies, make one too few, so that an
+extra copying job will have to be done.
+
+(5) Tell important callers the boss is busy or talking on
+another telephone.
+
+(6) Hold up mail until the next collection.
+
+(7) Spread disturbing rumors that sound like inside dope.
+
+(d) Employees
+
+(1) \textit{Work slowly}. Think out ways to increase the number of
+movements necessary on your job: use a light hammer instead
+of a heavy one, try to make a small wrench do when a big one is
+necessary, use little force where considerable force is needed,
+and so on.
+
+(2) Contrive as many interruptions to your work as you can:
+when changing the material on which you are working, as you
+would on a lathe or punch, take needless time to do it. If you
+are cutting, shaping or doing other measured work, measure
+dimensions twice as often as you need to. When you go to the
+lavatory, spend a longer time there than is necessary.
+Forget tools so that you will have to go back after them.
+
+(3) Even if you understand the language, pretend not to
+understand instructions in a foreign tongue.
+
+(4) Pretend that instructions are hard to understand, and ask
+to have them repeated more than once. Or pretend that you are
+particularly anxious to do your work, and pester the foreman
+with unnecessary questions.
+
+(5) Do your work poorly and blame it on bad tools,
+machinery, or equipment. Complain that these things are
+preventing you from doing your job right.
+
+(6) Never pass on your skill and experience to a new or less
+skillful worker.
+
+(7) Snarl up administration in every possible way. Fill out
+forms illegibly so that they will have to be done over; make
+mistakes or omit requested information in forms.
+
+(8) If possible, join or help organize a group for presenting
+employee problems to the management. See that the
+procedures adopted are as inconvenient as possible for the
+management, involving the presence of a large number of
+employees at each presentation, entailing more than one
+meeting for each grievance, bringing up problems which are
+largely imaginary, and so on.
+
+(9) Misroute materials.
+
+(10) Mix good parts with unusable scrap and rejected parts.
+
 \section{General Devices for Lowering Morale and Creating Confusion}
 
+(a) Give lengthy and incomprehensible explanations when questioned.
+
+(b) Report imaginary spies or danger to the Gestapo or police.
+
+(c) Act stupid.
+
+(d) Be as irritable and quarrelsome as possible without getting yourself into trouble.
+
+(e) Misunderstand all sorts of regulations concerning such matters as rationing, transportation, traffic regulations.
+
+(f) Complain against ersatz materials.
+
+(g) In public treat axis nationals or quislings coldly.
+
+(h) Stop all conversation when axis nationals or quislings enter a cafe.
+
+(i) Cry and sob hysterically at every occasion, especially when confronted by government clerks.
+
+(j) Boycott all movies, entertainments, concerts, newspapers which are in any way connected with the quisling authorities.
+
+(k) Do not cooperate in salvage schemes.
+
 \end{document}