Added «cowsay» and «fortune»

linux-dictionary.tex

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\documentclass[8pt,letterpaper,twoside]{extreport}
+\documentclass[9pt,letterpaper,twoside]{extreport}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage[english]{babel}
 \usepackage{amsmath}
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 \usepackage{makeidx}
 \usepackage{graphicx}
 \usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{lastpage}
 
 % page size
 \usepackage[
@@ -31,31 +32,18 @@
 \setlength{\columnsep}{0.25in}
 \setlength{\columnseprule}{0.1pt}
 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Comment out the following in favor of using definition lists
-
-% hanging indents; keep this as we need it for the bibliography
+% hanging indents; we need it for the bibliography
 \usepackage{hanging}
 
-% paragraph spacing in all paragraphs
-% \usepackage{parskip}
-% \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}
-
-% Use tab stops when we need to (especially in footnotes)
-% \usepackage{tabto}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-% Use definition lists instead:
+% Use definition lists
 \usepackage{enumitem}
 
-% Do not insert space between items
+% Do not insert space between items in list
 % We will space between items when we create the definition list
 \setlist{noitemsep}
 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Use tab stops when we need to
+\usepackage{tabto}
 
 % Include sections and subsections in the TOC
 % https://latex-tutorial.com/tutorials/table-of-contents/
@@ -87,6 +75,9 @@
 \usepackage{microtype}
 \raggedbottom
 
+% Add URLS
+\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
+
 \author{Kenneth John Odle}
 
 \begin{document}
@@ -96,7 +87,7 @@
 \medskip
 
 \begin{small}
-Pages 1-40 are in volume 1. Pages 41-80 are in volume 2.
+Pages 1-40 are in volume 1. Pages 41-\pageref*{LastPage} are in volume 2.
 \end{small}
 
 \bigskip
@@ -125,13 +116,13 @@ I have tried to make as few value judgments as possible, particularly with regar
 
 Likewise, when I point out that a lot of people like a particular item, or that a lot of people dislike a particular item, I am not suggesting that you should be in the same camp, or that I consider either option valid. I am merely reporting what has come up in my research. As much as is humanly possible, I have tried to exclude my own opinion from these pages. My experience is neither broad enough nor deep enough as to inform other's opinions on a wide range of Linux-related topics. When I say that people like or don't like something, I try to include the most often cited reason(s), and in the case where they don't like something, I also try to include the most popular alternatives, if there are any.
 
-With regard to alphabetizing, I do not include the leading dot that indicates a file name (so \texttt{.deb} is in the `d' section), nor do I include an asterisk used as a wildcard (meaning that \texttt{*nix} is alphabetized with other terms that start with `n'). Information about . (dot) and .. (dot dot) is found in the `d' section as well.
+With regard to alphabetizing, I do not include the leading dot that indicates a file name (so \texttt{.deb} is in the `d' section), nor do I include an asterisk used as a wildcard (meaning that \texttt{*nix} is alphabetized with other terms that start with `n'). Information about . (dot) and .. (dot dot) directories is found in the `d' section as well.
 
 I created this document in \LaTeX{}, which is an ideal situation for a document like this, because it makes it easy to keep things uniform. It does introduce other issues, however. To see what they were and how I handled them, please consult the source code, listed at the beginning of this introduction, or better yet, the online repo, where I have maintained all branches. Again, if you have suggestions as to how to do it better, contact info is inside the back cover.
 
 When there are variants on a name (e.g., tar and tarball), I generally use the shortest or the most common form as the entry, and list the additional names in parentheses. I generally just go with the shortest as which is the most common will change over time.
 
-I have not included links in any of the entries. Links tend to change or fade away, and your best bet for finding anything is always an internet search.
+I have not included links in any of the entries. Links tend to change or fade away, and your best bet for finding anything is always an internet search. A good search engine is sometimes your best friend.
 
 % \end{small}
 
@@ -187,9 +178,9 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \begin{multicols}{2}
 
-%\begin{small}
+\begin{small}
 
-\begin{description}[leftmargin=4mm,labelsep=3mm,itemindent=0mm,itemsep=1mm]
+\begin{description}[leftmargin=4mm,labelsep=3mm,itemindent=0mm,itemsep=1mm,style=nextline]
 
 \begin{centering}
 \subsection{alias -- fsck}
@@ -215,6 +206,10 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[build] 
 
+\item[Calamares] A distro-agnostic system installer for Linux distributions. It was originally develop in 2014 by Teo Mrnjavac before being picked up by KaOS.
+
+\item[cd] A command for \textbf{c}hanging \textbf{d}irectories. The usual format is \texttt{cd <pathname>}. Just entering \texttt{cd} without specifying a path will take you to the root of your user home directory.
+
 \item[chmod] 
 
 \item[chown] 
@@ -231,11 +226,38 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[command line] 
 
+\item[Common Desktop Environment]
+
 \item[compile] 
 
 \item[console] 
 
-\item[cowsay] 
+\item[cowsay] A command line utility that produces an ASCII picture of a cow saying whatever text you input on \texttt{stdin}. The package includes a few variations (called, naturally ``cow files'') which are typically located at \texttt{/usr/share/cowsay}; you can view these by using the \texttt{-l} flag, and use one with the \texttt{-f} flag. Typical output looks like: 
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ ______________
+< Linux rocks! >
+ --------------
+        \   ^__^
+         \  (oo)\_______
+            (__)\       )\/\
+                ||----w |
+                ||     ||
+\end{verbatim}
+
+You can also pipe the \texttt{fortune} utility to it:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ -----------------------------------
+/ You teach best what you most need \
+\ to learn.                         /
+ -----------------------------------
+        \   ^__^
+         \  (oo)\_______
+            (__)\       )\/\
+                ||----w |
+                ||     ||
+\end{verbatim}
 
 \item[cp] 
 
@@ -243,7 +265,7 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[daemon] A process that runs in the background. These perform a large number of tasks, such as writing to system logs or monitoring your network.
 
-\item[Debian] 
+\item[Debian] One of the most popular Linux distros, developed by the Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16 1993. It is one of the oldest Linux distros, and is the basis for many other distros, including Ubuntu (q.v.). All of their distribution codenames are based on characters from the movie \textit{Toy Story}, with the unstable trunk being named ``Sid'' after the character who regularly destroys his toys. ``Debian'' is a portmanteau of Ian's then girlfriend Debra Lynn and his own first name.
 
 \item[dependency] 
 
@@ -277,6 +299,8 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[flabor] 
 
+\item[fortune] A utility that sends a fortune to \texttt{stdout}. It has a surprising number of options for such a simple utility. (The \texttt{-o} option will select potentially offensive fortunes. This option is not selected by default; use at your own peril.)
+
 \item[fsck] A utility (\textbf{f}ile \textbf{s}ystem che\textbf{ck}) for checking the consistency of a file system. (The Windows equivalent is \texttt{chkdsk}.) fsck runs automatically on every 30th boot of Ubuntu.
 
 \medskip
@@ -320,7 +344,11 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[jobs] 
 
-\item[KDE] A desktop environment used by the openSuse and Kubuntu Linux distros as well as others.
+\item[KaOS] A desktop Linux distribution that uses the KDE desktop environment and ships with the LiberOffice software suite along with other popular applications that use the Qt toolkit. It is described as a ``lean'' that is built from scratch (i.e., not based on other Linux distros). It is at \href{https://kaosx.us/}{\texttt{https://kaosx.us/}}.
+
+\item[KDE] \textbf{(1)} An international free software community that develops free and open source software, including the Plasma Desktop and many cross-platform applications. It was founded in 1996 by Matthias Ettrich. \\ \textbf{(2)} A desktop environment used by the openSuse and Kubuntu Linux distros as well as others.
+
+\item[KDE Neon]
 
 \item[KDM] The \textbf{K}DE \textbf{D}isplay \textbf{M}anager, which is the standard display manager for the KDE desktop. It provides the initial login screen, and also manages the starting and stopping of X (\textit{q.v.}) server sessions.
 
@@ -340,13 +368,15 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[lib] 
 
+\item[Linux]
+
 \item[Linux Mint] 
 
 \item[locate] command
 
 \item[ls]
 
-\item[man] A command-line utility to display the ``man'' (i.e., manual) page for a particular command. It has many parameters. Some people jest that \texttt{man} is the only command you really need to know. Try \texttt{man man} to start. The actual files that \texttt{man} reads from are generally stored in \texttt{/usr/share/man}. \\ A lot of people don't find the \texttt{man} command very helpful, as it generally contains no examples. If you are in this camp, \textit{qq.v.} ``tldr'' and ``info.''
+\item[man] A command-line utility to display the ``man'' (i.e., manual) page for a particular command. It has many parameters. Some people jest that \texttt{man} is the only command you really need to know. Try \texttt{man man} to start. The actual files that \texttt{man} reads from are generally stored in \texttt{/usr/share/man}. \\ \tabto{4mm} A lot of people don't find the \texttt{man} command very helpful, as it generally contains no examples. If you are in this camp, \textit{qq.v.} ``tldr'' and ``info.''
 
 \item[media] 
 
@@ -365,10 +395,12 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 \subsection{nano -- sys}
 \end{centering}
 
-\item[nano] A text editor for *nix systems, based on curses (\textit{q.v.}) It is a clone of Pico form the Pine email client.
+\item[nano] A text editor for *nix systems, based on curses (\textit{q.v.}) It is a clone of Pico from the Pine email client.
 
 \item[Nautilus] The default file manager for GNOME and Ubuntu. It is the equivalent of MacOSX's Finder or Windows Explorer.
 
+\item[Nemo]
+
 \item[opt] 
 
 \item[package] 
@@ -379,7 +411,7 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[ping] 
 
-\item[Plasma] 
+\item[Plasma] See \hyperlink{KDE Plasma}{KDE Plasma}.
 
 \item[proc] 
 
@@ -389,7 +421,9 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[pwd] Short for ``print working directory,'' this command displays the path you are on from your home directory.
 
-\item[rm] 
+\item[Qt] (Pronounced ``cute''.) 
+
+\item[rm] A command line utility for removing files, links, and empty directories. It works silently, and thus should be used with care. The \textbf{-t} (interactive) option prompts the user to confirm each file that is being deleted. It can remove directories that contain files with the recursive option (\texttt{-r} or \texttt{-R}), but as it works silently and any deleted files cannot be recovered, it is always a good practice to combine these two options. You can specify multiple files (including the directory path if the target file is not in the current directory) and use wildcards like \texttt{?} and \texttt{*}. 
 
 \item[rpm] 
 
@@ -397,12 +431,16 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[run] 
 
-\item[SANE] 
+\item[SANE] An acronym for ``Scanner Access Now Easy,'' SANE is an open-source API that provides standardized access for any raster image scanner. It is commonly use on Linux and its API is in the public domain. There are a number of GUIs for accessing SANE, including gscan2pdf, Simple Scan, Skanlite (KDE), SwingSane (cross-platform), and XSane (cross-platform).
 
 \item[sbin] 
 
+\item[SELinux] A Linux kernel security module that provides allows administrators to have more control over who can access the system. It attempts to separate the security policy from enforcement of security decisions. It was originally developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and was released to the open source community in 2000. It was integrated into the upstream Linux kernel in 2003. Information about security is generally contained in \texttt{/etc/sysconfig/selinux}.
+
 \item[shell] 
 
+\item[Softlanding Linux System (SLS)] The second Linux distros (after MCC), founded by Peter MacDonald in May 1992. Although touted as an alternative to DOS (its original slogan was ``Gentle Touchdowns for DOS Bailouts'') it was considered buggy by many of its users. It was the first comprehensive Linux distributions in that in addition to the Linux kernel in also included other basic utilities, such as the X Window System (q.v.). It formed the basis of the Slackware distro (q.v.).
+
 \item[srv] 
 
 \item[sudo] An acronym for \textbf{s}uper\textbf{u}ser \textbf{do}. It provides a fairly safe environment (YMMV, however) for non-root users to access files, directories, and settings, without native root permission. It is required to execute some commands.
@@ -418,7 +456,7 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 \subsection{tail -- zip}
 \end{centering}
 
-\item[tail] 
+\item[tail]  A command line utility for printing data from the end of a specified file or files to \texttt{stdout}. It is useful for monitoring log files.
 
 \item[tar] A command for archiving files into tarballs. As a noun, it is also shorthand for the tarball itself.
 
@@ -440,19 +478,23 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[Tux] 
 
+\item[Ubiquity] The default installer for Ubuntu and its derivatives.
+
 \item[Ubuntu] 
 
-\item[uname] 
+\item[uname] A command line utility that prints basic information about the operating system name and hardware. Several options are available; for example \texttt{-s} prints the kernel name, whereas \texttt{-n} prints the system's host name.
 
 \item[Unity] Ubuntu's desktop environment, \textit{i.e.}, the name for Ubuntu's graphical interface. A ``shell'' for GNOME.
 
+\item[Unix]
+
 \item[unix principle] 
 
 \item[unzip] A command for decompressing \texttt{.zip} archives.
 
-\item[update] To change software or parts of software to newer versions, in order to add new features, eliminate bugs, or enhance security, or for a combination of those three reasons. In Ubuntu, the apt (\textit{q.v.}) application handles updates.
+\item[update] To change software or parts of software to newer versions, in order to add new features, eliminate bugs, or enhance security, or for a combination of those three reasons. In Ubuntu, the \texttt{apt} (\textit{q.v.}) application handles updates.
 
-\item[useradd] 
+\item[useradd] A command for creating a new user or changing (with the \texttt{-D} option) the defaults for new users. The \texttt{-G} option will allow you to add the user to comma-delimited list of groups upon creation, \texttt{-p} defines an initial password for the account, and \texttt{-U} creates a group with the same name.
 
 \item[userdel] 
 
@@ -482,11 +524,11 @@ Additional modern abbreviations used include:
 
 \item[Xubuntu] A distro derived from Ubuntu that uses the Xfce desktop (\textit{q.v.}).
 
-\item[zip] A command for compressing one or more files into an archive using the zip compression algorithm. 
+\item[zip] A command for compressing one or more files into an archive using the \texttt{zip} compression algorithm. 
 
 \end{description}
 
-%\end{small}
+\end{small}
 
 \end{multicols}
 
@@ -516,6 +558,8 @@ The Linux Development Project. (n.d.). \textit{Linux Filesystem Hierarchy: Gloss
 
 Linuxtopia. (n.d.). \textit{Linux - Glossary}. \texttt{https://www.linuxtopia.org/online\_books/introduction\_to\_li \\ nux/gloss.html} [Accessed 2021.11.17.]
 
+Softlanding Linux System. (2021, December 04). In \textit{Wikipedia}. \texttt{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft \\ landing\_Linux\_System}
+
 
 \end{small}