You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
259 lines
7.7 KiB
259 lines
7.7 KiB
.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.47.3.
|
|
.TH LS "1" "September 2019" "GNU coreutils 8.30" "User Commands"
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
ls \- list directory contents
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B ls
|
|
[\fI\,OPTION\/\fR]... [\fI\,FILE\/\fR]...
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.\" Add any additional description here
|
|
.PP
|
|
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
|
|
Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR is specified.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
|
|
do not ignore entries starting with .
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
|
|
do not list implied . and ..
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-author\fR
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
|
|
print C\-style escapes for nongraphic characters
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fI\,SIZE\/\fR
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;
|
|
e.g., '\-\-block\-size=M'; see SIZE format below
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
|
|
do not list implied entries ending with ~
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-c\fR
|
|
with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
|
|
modification of file status information);
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name;
|
|
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-C\fR
|
|
list entries by columns
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-color\fR[=\fI\,WHEN\/\fR]
|
|
colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
|
|
if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
|
|
list directories themselves, not their contents
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
|
|
generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-f\fR
|
|
do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
|
|
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-file\-type\fR
|
|
likewise, except do not append '*'
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-format\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
|
|
across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
|
|
single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-full\-time\fR
|
|
like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fI\,full\-iso\/\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-g\fR
|
|
like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
|
|
group directories before files;
|
|
.IP
|
|
can be augmented with a \fB\-\-sort\fR option, but any
|
|
use of \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,none\/\fR (\fB\-U\fR) disables grouping
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
|
|
in a long listing, don't print group names
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR and \fB\-s\fR, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-si\fR
|
|
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
|
|
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
|
|
follow each command line symbolic link
|
|
.IP
|
|
that points to a directory
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-hide\fR=\fI\,PATTERN\/\fR
|
|
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
|
|
(overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-hyperlink\fR[=\fI\,WHEN\/\fR]
|
|
hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'
|
|
(default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
|
|
append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
|
|
none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
|
|
file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
|
|
print the index number of each file
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fI\,PATTERN\/\fR
|
|
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-kibibytes\fR
|
|
default to 1024\-byte blocks for disk usage;
|
|
used only with \fB\-s\fR and per directory totals
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-l\fR
|
|
use a long listing format
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
|
|
when showing file information for a symbolic
|
|
link, show information for the file the link
|
|
references rather than for the link itself
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-m\fR
|
|
fill width with a comma separated list of entries
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
|
|
like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
|
|
print entry names without quoting
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-o\fR
|
|
like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fI\,slash\/\fR
|
|
append / indicator to directories
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
|
|
print ? instead of nongraphic characters
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
|
|
show nongraphic characters as\-is (the default,
|
|
unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
|
|
enclose entry names in double quotes
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
|
|
use quoting style WORD for entry names:
|
|
literal, locale, shell, shell\-always,
|
|
shell\-escape, shell\-escape\-always, c, escape
|
|
(overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
|
|
reverse order while sorting
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
|
|
list subdirectories recursively
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
|
|
print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-S\fR
|
|
sort by file size, largest first
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
|
|
sort by WORD instead of name: none (\fB\-U\fR), size (\fB\-S\fR),
|
|
time (\fB\-t\fR), version (\fB\-v\fR), extension (\fB\-X\fR)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-time\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of default
|
|
modification time: atime or access or use (\fB\-u\fR);
|
|
ctime or status (\fB\-c\fR); also use specified time
|
|
as sort key if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,time\/\fR (newest first)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fI\,TIME_STYLE\/\fR
|
|
time/date format with \fB\-l\fR; see TIME_STYLE below
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-t\fR
|
|
sort by modification time, newest first
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fI\,COLS\/\fR
|
|
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-u\fR
|
|
with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time;
|
|
with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name;
|
|
otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-U\fR
|
|
do not sort; list entries in directory order
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-v\fR
|
|
natural sort of (version) numbers within text
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fI\,COLS\/\fR
|
|
set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-x\fR
|
|
list entries by lines instead of by columns
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-X\fR
|
|
sort alphabetically by entry extension
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
|
|
print any security context of each file
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-1\fR
|
|
list one file per line. Avoid '\en' with \fB\-q\fR or \fB\-b\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-help\fR
|
|
display this help and exit
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-version\fR
|
|
output version information and exit
|
|
.PP
|
|
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
|
|
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.
|
|
FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,
|
|
then FORMAT1 applies to non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.
|
|
TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix\-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.
|
|
Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
|
|
with \fB\-\-color\fR=\fI\,never\/\fR. With \fB\-\-color\fR=\fI\,auto\/\fR, ls emits color codes only when
|
|
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
|
|
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
|
|
.SS "Exit status:"
|
|
.TP
|
|
0
|
|
if OK,
|
|
.TP
|
|
1
|
|
if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
|
|
.TP
|
|
2
|
|
if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command\-line argument).
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
|
|
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
|
|
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
|
|
.br
|
|
Report ls translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
|
|
.SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
Copyright \(co 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
|
|
.br
|
|
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
|
|
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>
|
|
.br
|
|
or available locally via: info \(aq(coreutils) ls invocation\(aq
|