260 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
260 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.47.3.
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.TH LS "1" "September 2019" "GNU coreutils 8.30" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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ls \- list directory contents
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B ls
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[\fI\,OPTION\/\fR]... [\fI\,FILE\/\fR]...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.\" Add any additional description here
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.PP
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List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
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Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR is specified.
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.PP
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Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
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.TP
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
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do not ignore entries starting with .
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.TP
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\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
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do not list implied . and ..
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.TP
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\fB\-\-author\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
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.TP
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
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print C\-style escapes for nongraphic characters
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.TP
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\fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fI\,SIZE\/\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;
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e.g., '\-\-block\-size=M'; see SIZE format below
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.TP
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\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
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do not list implied entries ending with ~
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.TP
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\fB\-c\fR
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with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
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modification of file status information);
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with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name;
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otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
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.TP
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\fB\-C\fR
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list entries by columns
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.TP
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\fB\-\-color\fR[=\fI\,WHEN\/\fR]
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colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
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if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
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.TP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
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list directories themselves, not their contents
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.TP
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\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
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generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR
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do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
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append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
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.TP
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\fB\-\-file\-type\fR
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likewise, except do not append '*'
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.TP
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\fB\-\-format\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
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across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
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single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-\-full\-time\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fI\,full\-iso\/\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-g\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
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.TP
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\fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
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group directories before files;
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.IP
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can be augmented with a \fB\-\-sort\fR option, but any
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use of \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,none\/\fR (\fB\-U\fR) disables grouping
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.TP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
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in a long listing, don't print group names
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.TP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR and \fB\-s\fR, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
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.TP
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\fB\-\-si\fR
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likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
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.TP
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\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
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follow symbolic links listed on the command line
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.TP
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\fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
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follow each command line symbolic link
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.IP
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that points to a directory
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.TP
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\fB\-\-hide\fR=\fI\,PATTERN\/\fR
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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(overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-hyperlink\fR[=\fI\,WHEN\/\fR]
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hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'
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(default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'
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.TP
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\fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
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append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
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none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
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file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
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print the index number of each file
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.TP
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\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fI\,PATTERN\/\fR
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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.TP
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\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-kibibytes\fR
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default to 1024\-byte blocks for disk usage;
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used only with \fB\-s\fR and per directory totals
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.TP
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\fB\-l\fR
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use a long listing format
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.TP
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
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when showing file information for a symbolic
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link, show information for the file the link
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references rather than for the link itself
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.TP
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\fB\-m\fR
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fill width with a comma separated list of entries
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.TP
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
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.TP
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\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
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print entry names without quoting
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.TP
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\fB\-o\fR
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like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
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.TP
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\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fI\,slash\/\fR
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append / indicator to directories
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.TP
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\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
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print ? instead of nongraphic characters
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.TP
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\fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
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show nongraphic characters as\-is (the default,
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unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
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.TP
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\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
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enclose entry names in double quotes
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.TP
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\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
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use quoting style WORD for entry names:
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literal, locale, shell, shell\-always,
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shell\-escape, shell\-escape\-always, c, escape
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(overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
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.TP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
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reverse order while sorting
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.TP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
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list subdirectories recursively
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
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print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
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.TP
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\fB\-S\fR
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sort by file size, largest first
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.TP
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\fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
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sort by WORD instead of name: none (\fB\-U\fR), size (\fB\-S\fR),
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time (\fB\-t\fR), version (\fB\-v\fR), extension (\fB\-X\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-time\fR=\fI\,WORD\/\fR
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with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of default
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modification time: atime or access or use (\fB\-u\fR);
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ctime or status (\fB\-c\fR); also use specified time
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as sort key if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fI\,time\/\fR (newest first)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fI\,TIME_STYLE\/\fR
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time/date format with \fB\-l\fR; see TIME_STYLE below
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.TP
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\fB\-t\fR
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sort by modification time, newest first
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.TP
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\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fI\,COLS\/\fR
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assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
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.TP
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\fB\-u\fR
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with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time;
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with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name;
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otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
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.TP
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\fB\-U\fR
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do not sort; list entries in directory order
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.TP
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\fB\-v\fR
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natural sort of (version) numbers within text
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.TP
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\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fI\,COLS\/\fR
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set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
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.TP
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\fB\-x\fR
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list entries by lines instead of by columns
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.TP
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\fB\-X\fR
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sort alphabetically by entry extension
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.TP
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\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
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print any security context of each file
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.TP
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\fB\-1\fR
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list one file per line. Avoid '\en' with \fB\-q\fR or \fB\-b\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-\-help\fR
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display this help and exit
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.TP
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\fB\-\-version\fR
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output version information and exit
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.PP
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The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
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Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
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.PP
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The TIME_STYLE argument can be full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.
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FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,
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then FORMAT1 applies to non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.
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TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix\-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.
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Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
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.PP
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Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
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with \fB\-\-color\fR=\fI\,never\/\fR. With \fB\-\-color\fR=\fI\,auto\/\fR, ls emits color codes only when
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standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
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variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
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.SS "Exit status:"
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.TP
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0
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if OK,
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.TP
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1
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if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
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.TP
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2
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if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command\-line argument).
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.SH AUTHOR
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Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
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.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
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GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
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.br
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Report ls translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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Copyright \(co 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
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.br
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>
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.br
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or available locally via: info \(aq(coreutils) ls invocation\(aq
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