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Expanded root files explanation

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Kenneth John Odle 2021-09-03 19:39:37 -04:00
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@ -259,6 +259,62 @@ I've resisted buying a breadmaker for years, because I actually don't want a dev
\chapter{What Are All Those Files in the Linux Root?} \chapter{What Are All Those Files in the Linux Root?}
If you're using a Linux distro with a GUI (Ubuntu, Puppy OS, Mint, etc.) you land right in your Home folder whenever you click on ``Files''. But if you've ever gone all the way into the root of your computer (the Windows equivalent would be \verb|C:\|) you'll see a lot of folders\footnote{Technically, these are \textit{directories}, but let's not be pedantic. In a GUI, the icon usually looks like a folder.} there with mysterious three-letter names. Let's take a look at the them and what they contain.
\section{bin}
This directory contains essential command binaries that need to be available for all users. Many of these include binaries that bring up the system or repair it. Your basic binaries like \verb|cat|, \verb|ls|, and \verb|mv| live here.
\section{boot}
Boot loader files. (It's complicated—kernels, and so forth. It is also three letters instead of three.)
\section{dev}
Device files, such as \verb|/dev/disk0/|, \verb|dev/sda1|, etc. Also the home of the wonderful \verb|/dev/null|.
\section{etc}
System-wide static configuration files. It is not allowed to contain binaries.
\section{home}
Users' home directories. If you have multiple users, you will see a directory in here for each user, named after their login name.
\section{lib}
This directory contains libraries that are essential for the binaries in \verb|/bin| and \verb|/sbin|.
\section{media}
Mount points for removable media. Using a jump drive or SD card? This is where they are.
\section{mnt}
Temporarily mounted filesystems.
\section{opt}
Add-on application software packages.
\section{proc}
A virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files.
\section{root}
The home directory for the root user.
\section{run}
Run-time variable data. That is, information about the running system since the last boo, such as currently logged-in users and running daemons.
\section{sbin}
Essential system binaries, such as \verb|fsck| and \verb|init|.
\section{srv}
Site-specific data served by this system, such as data and scripts for web servers, and repositories for version control systems.
\section{sys}
This directory contains information about devices, drivers, and some kernel features.
\section{tmp}
Temporary files, natch. (These may also appear in \verb|/var/tmp|.)
\section{usr}
This directory is a secondary hierarchy for read-only user data, and contains the majority of multi-user utilities and applications. This should be shareable and read-only.
\section{var}
This directory contains files who content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system, such as logs, spool files, and temporary email files.
\chapter{Miscellany} \chapter{Miscellany}
\section{Is This Really a Hack? Or Is It Just a Tip?} \section{Is This Really a Hack? Or Is It Just a Tip?}