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Added chapter 3 «font styles»

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Kenneth John Odle 2025-02-18 12:08:05 -05:00
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2 changed files with 18 additions and 10 deletions
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6
006/codex-006.tex
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@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[nott]{kpfonts}
\usepackage{float}
\raggedbottom
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage[nott]{kpfonts}
\usepackage{gensymb} % Just for the degree symbol
\usepackage{ccicons} % Creative Commons icons; now we can delete an image
\usepackage{wrapfig} % Let's wrap some images
@ -123,14 +123,14 @@
\usepackage{ulem}
\newcommand\ksamp[4]{
\vspace{#4}
\vspace{#3mm}
\begin{center}
\noindent{}
\begin{#1}
\fbox{{#2} \textit{{#2}} \textsl{{#2}} \textsc{{#2}}}
\end{#1}
\end{center}
\vspace{#4}
\vspace{#4mm}
}

22
006/include/chap03.tex
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@ -21,21 +21,29 @@ For better or for worse, the rise of the Apple Macintosh led to a blurring betwe
A font, on the other hand, actually refers to a collection of characteristics, including shape, series, and size. ``Times New Roman'' is a typeface; ``Times New Roman bold italic 10 point'' is a font. This distinction goes back to the days when typefaces were physical objects made of lead.
Typefaces fall into a number of different categories, including serif, sans-serif, proportional, and monospace.
A serif font has small decorative lines attached to the ends of letters, whereas a sans-serif font does not. This zine is typeset using the \textsf{kpfonts} package, which uses serif fonts that were originally derived from the URW Palladio font\footnote{See \kref{https://fontesk.com/palladio-typeface/}{https://fontesk.com/palladio-typeface/} and \kref{https://ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/kpfonts?lang=en}{https://ctan.org/tex-archiv\\e/fonts/kpfonts?lang=en}.} so all the letters you see here have serifs. I also use the Cantarell font in some places, which is a sans-serif font.\footnote{See \kref{https://ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/cantarell?lang=en}{https://ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/cantarell?lang=en}.} \textsf{This sentence is typeset in a sans-serif font.}
In a proportional font, each letter takes up a different width. Some letters, such as \textsf{m} and \textsf{w}, are fairly wide, whereas other, such as \textsf{i} and \textsf{l}, are fairly narrow, and most other letters are somewhere in between. In a monospace font, each letter takes up the same exact width. The \textsf{kpfonts} package I use for the text in this zine is a proportional font, but the code samples are in a monospace font. \texttt{This sentence is typeset in a monospace font.} Typewriters typically use a monospace font, but as computers became commonly available, a few of them could actually type in a proportional font.\footnote{Typewriters are a particular love of mine, and I can go on about them at considerable length. Don't get me started.}
\section{Shape}
The \textit{shape} of a font refers to how the individual characters are formed.\footnote{This is a terrible definition, but it is what it is. I didn't make the rules here.} Shape can be upright (i.e., ``normal''), italic, slanted, and small caps.
The \textit{shape} of a font refers to how the individual characters are formed.\footnote{This is a terrible definition, but it is what it is. I didn't make the rules here.} Shape can be upright (i.e., ``normal'' or ``roman''), italic, slanted, and small caps.
Both italic and slanted shapes lean to the right. The main difference between the two occurs when you apply this to a \textit{serif} typeface—that is, a typeface that has little bits regularly attahced to the end of a larger stroke. A slanted shape is just that: it's as if you had written out the text on a flexible substrate and then just stretched it a bit so it leans to the right. An italic shape, however, actually has completely different, somewhat more curvy shape to each character.
Both italic and slanted shapes lean to the right. The main difference between the two occurs when you apply this to a \textit{serif}. A slanted shape is just that: it's as if you had written out the text on a flexible substrate and then just stretched it a bit so it leans to the right. An italic shape, however, actually has a completely different, somewhat more curvy shape to each character. Italic or oblique shapes are often used to emphasize a word or group of words (i.e., ``This is \textit{very} good cake.'') but it also used by convention to indicate the titles of books and movies (i.e., \textit{The Grapes of Wrath}, \textit{Star Wars}).
This is what they look like in a Roman (i.e., a ``serif'' typeface):
Small caps is shorthand for ``small capitals'' and refers to text in which all the lower-case characters are substituted by their upper-case equivalents. \textsc{This text is in small caps.} Small caps is often used to convey prestige and stability.
\ksamp{large}{Normal abc}{-3mm}{-2mm}
This is what they look like in a serif typeface:
\noindent{}and here is what they look like in a sans-serif typeface:
\ksamp{large}{Normal abc}{-3}{-2}
\textsf{\ksamp{large}{Normal abc}{-6mm}{-2mm}}
And here is what they look like in a sans-serif typeface:
Small Caps is shorthand for ``small capitals'' and refers to text in which all the lower-case characters are substituted by their upper-case equivalents.
\textsf{\ksamp{large}{Normal abc}{-5}{-1}}
It's interesting to note that in the Cantarell typeface, the italic and the slanted shapes are pretty much identical, and it also doesn't include a small caps version at all. Some font packages include these, and some do not. As always, you should read the font documentation to see what is included.
\section{Series}