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Cleaned up ls directory

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Kenneth John Odle 2 years ago
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      ls/line command.txt
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      ls/ls-test.pdf
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      ls/lsa5.pdf
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ls/line command.txt
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pandoc -V geometry:paperheight=8.5in,paperwidth=5.5in,left=1cm,right=1cm,top=1cm,bottom=2cm ls.1 -o ls-test4.pdf
pandoc -V geometry:paperheight=8.5in,paperwidth=5.5in,left=1cm,right=1cm,top=1cm,bottom=2cm ls.1 -o ls.pdf

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<h1>NAME</h1>
<p>ls - list directory contents</p>
<h1>SYNOPSIS</h1>
<p><strong>ls</strong> [<em>OPTION</em>]... [<em>FILE</em>]...</p>
<h1>DESCRIPTION</h1>
<p>List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of <strong>-cftuvSUX</strong> nor <strong>--sort</strong> is specified.</p>
<p>Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>-a</strong>, <strong>--all</strong></dt>
<dd><p>do not ignore entries starting with .</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-A</strong>, <strong>--almost-all</strong></dt>
<dd><p>do not list implied . and ..</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--author</strong></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-l</strong>, print the author of each file</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-b</strong>, <strong>--escape</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--block-size</strong>=<em>SIZE</em></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-l</strong>, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-B</strong>, <strong>--ignore-backups</strong></dt>
<dd><p>do not list implied entries ending with ~</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-c</strong></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-lt</strong>: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with <strong>-l</strong>: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-C</strong></dt>
<dd><p>list entries by columns</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--color</strong>[=<em>WHEN</em>]</dt>
<dd><p>colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-d</strong>, <strong>--directory</strong></dt>
<dd><p>list directories themselves, not their contents</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-D</strong>, <strong>--dired</strong></dt>
<dd><p>generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-f</strong></dt>
<dd><p>do not sort, enable <strong>-aU</strong>, disable <strong>-ls</strong> <strong>--color</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-F</strong>, <strong>--classify</strong></dt>
<dd><p>append indicator (one of */=&gt;@|) to entries</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--file-type</strong></dt>
<dd><p>likewise, except do not append '*'</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--format</strong>=<em>WORD</em></dt>
<dd><p>across <strong>-x</strong>, commas <strong>-m</strong>, horizontal <strong>-x</strong>, long <strong>-l</strong>, single-column <strong>-1</strong>, verbose <strong>-l</strong>, vertical <strong>-C</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--full-time</strong></dt>
<dd><p>like <strong>-l</strong> <strong>--time-style</strong>=<em>full-iso</em></p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-g</strong></dt>
<dd><p>like <strong>-l</strong>, but do not list owner</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--group-directories-first</strong></dt>
<dd><p>group directories before files;</p>
<p>can be augmented with a <strong>--sort</strong> option, but any use of <strong>--sort</strong>=<em>none</em> (<strong>-U</strong>) disables grouping</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-G</strong>, <strong>--no-group</strong></dt>
<dd><p>in a long listing, don't print group names</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-h</strong>, <strong>--human-readable</strong></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-l</strong> and <strong>-s</strong>, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--si</strong></dt>
<dd><p>likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-H</strong>, <strong>--dereference-command-line</strong></dt>
<dd><p>follow symbolic links listed on the command line</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir</strong></dt>
<dd><p>follow each command line symbolic link</p>
<p>that points to a directory</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--hide</strong>=<em>PATTERN</em></dt>
<dd><p>do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by <strong>-a</strong> or <strong>-A</strong>)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--hyperlink</strong>[=<em>WHEN</em>]</dt>
<dd><p>hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--indicator-style</strong>=<em>WORD</em></dt>
<dd><p>append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (<strong>-p</strong>), file-type (<strong>--file-type</strong>), classify (<strong>-F</strong>)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-i</strong>, <strong>--inode</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print the index number of each file</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-I</strong>, <strong>--ignore</strong>=<em>PATTERN</em></dt>
<dd><p>do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-k</strong>, <strong>--kibibytes</strong></dt>
<dd><p>default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; used only with <strong>-s</strong> and per directory totals</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-l</strong></dt>
<dd><p>use a long listing format</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-L</strong>, <strong>--dereference</strong></dt>
<dd><p>when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-m</strong></dt>
<dd><p>fill width with a comma separated list of entries</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-n</strong>, <strong>--numeric-uid-gid</strong></dt>
<dd><p>like <strong>-l</strong>, but list numeric user and group IDs</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-N</strong>, <strong>--literal</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print entry names without quoting</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-o</strong></dt>
<dd><p>like <strong>-l</strong>, but do not list group information</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-p</strong>, <strong>--indicator-style</strong>=<em>slash</em></dt>
<dd><p>append / indicator to directories</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-q</strong>, <strong>--hide-control-chars</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print ? instead of nongraphic characters</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--show-control-chars</strong></dt>
<dd><p>show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-Q</strong>, <strong>--quote-name</strong></dt>
<dd><p>enclose entry names in double quotes</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--quoting-style</strong>=<em>WORD</em></dt>
<dd><p>use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-r</strong>, <strong>--reverse</strong></dt>
<dd><p>reverse order while sorting</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-R</strong>, <strong>--recursive</strong></dt>
<dd><p>list subdirectories recursively</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-s</strong>, <strong>--size</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print the allocated size of each file, in blocks</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-S</strong></dt>
<dd><p>sort by file size, largest first</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--sort</strong>=<em>WORD</em></dt>
<dd><p>sort by WORD instead of name: none (<strong>-U</strong>), size (<strong>-S</strong>), time (<strong>-t</strong>), version (<strong>-v</strong>), extension (<strong>-X</strong>)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--time</strong>=<em>WORD</em></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-l</strong>, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use (<strong>-u</strong>); ctime or status (<strong>-c</strong>); also use specified time as sort key if <strong>--sort</strong>=<em>time</em> (newest first)</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--time-style</strong>=<em>TIME_STYLE</em></dt>
<dd><p>time/date format with <strong>-l</strong>; see TIME_STYLE below</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-t</strong></dt>
<dd><p>sort by modification time, newest first</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-T</strong>, <strong>--tabsize</strong>=<em>COLS</em></dt>
<dd><p>assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-u</strong></dt>
<dd><p>with <strong>-lt</strong>: sort by, and show, access time; with <strong>-l</strong>: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-U</strong></dt>
<dd><p>do not sort; list entries in directory order</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-v</strong></dt>
<dd><p>natural sort of (version) numbers within text</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-w</strong>, <strong>--width</strong>=<em>COLS</em></dt>
<dd><p>set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-x</strong></dt>
<dd><p>list entries by lines instead of by columns</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-X</strong></dt>
<dd><p>sort alphabetically by entry extension</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-Z</strong>, <strong>--context</strong></dt>
<dd><p>print any security context of each file</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-1</strong></dt>
<dd><p>list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with <strong>-q</strong> or <strong>-b</strong></p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--help</strong></dt>
<dd><p>display this help and exit</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>--version</strong></dt>
<dd><p>output version information and exit</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).</p>
<p>The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1&lt;newline&gt;FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files. TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale. Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.</p>
<p>Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with <strong>--color</strong>=<em>never</em>. With <strong>--color</strong>=<em>auto</em>, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.</p>
<h2>Exit status:</h2>
<dl>
<dt>0</dt>
<dd><p>if OK,</p>
</dd>
<dt>1</dt>
<dd><p>if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),</p>
</dd>
<dt>2</dt>
<dd><p>if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<h1>AUTHOR</h1>
<p>Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.</p>
<h1>REPORTING BUGS</h1>
<p>GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/&gt;<br />
Report ls translation bugs to &lt;https://translationproject.org/team/&gt;</p>
<h1>COPYRIGHT</h1>
<p>Copyright © 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later &lt;https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html&gt;.<br />
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.</p>
<h1>SEE ALSO</h1>
<p>Full documentation at: &lt;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls&gt;<br />
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'</p>

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.\" Copyright 1995 Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
.\"
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\"
.\" Corrected prototype and include, aeb, 990927
.TH LSEARCH 3 2017-09-15 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
lfind, lsearch \- linear search of an array
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <search.h>
.PP
.BI "void *lfind(const void *" key ", const void *" base ", size_t *" nmemb ,
.BI " size_t " size ", int(*" compar ")(const void *, const void *));"
.PP
.BI "void *lsearch(const void *" key ", void *" base ", size_t *" nmemb ,
.BI " size_t " size ", int(*" compar ")(const void *, const void *));"
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR lfind ()
and
.BR lsearch ()
perform a linear search for
.I key
in the array
.IR base
which has
.I *nmemb
elements of
.I size
bytes each.
The comparison function referenced by
.I compar
is expected to have two arguments which point to the
.I key
object and to an array member, in that order, and which
returns zero if the
.I key
object matches the array member, and
nonzero otherwise.
.PP
If
.BR lsearch ()
does not find a matching element, then the
.I key
object is inserted at the end of the table, and
.I *nmemb
is
incremented.
In particular, one should know that a matching element
exists, or that more room is available.
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR lfind ()
returns a pointer to a matching member of the array, or
NULL if no match is found.
.BR lsearch ()
returns a pointer to
a matching member of the array, or to the newly added member if no
match is found.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.TS
allbox;
lbw18 lb lb
l l l.
Interface Attribute Value
T{
.BR lfind (),
.BR lsearch ()
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
.TE
.sp 1
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
Present in libc since libc-4.6.27.
.SH BUGS
The naming is unfortunate.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR bsearch (3),
.BR hsearch (3),
.BR tsearch (3)
.SH COLOPHON
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux
.I man-pages
project.
A description of the project,
information about reporting bugs,
and the latest version of this page,
can be found at
\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
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